
Vegetables
Vegetables from sowing to harvest.
A vegetable catalog with sowing and spacing, tested companions and, further down, a planting plan that lays out your vegetables 3 to 5 years ahead.
Vegetables
All vegetables.
Every species has its own page: sowing, spacing, plants per square meter and harvest time.
TomatoSolanum lycopersicumsow indoors · February–Marchspacing 23½ in · 0.23 per sq ft
CarrotDaucus carota subsp. sativusdirect sowing · March–Julyspacing 3½ in · 11.15 per sq ft
CucumberCucumis sativusdirect sowing · May–Junespacing 15¾ in · 0.56 per sq ft
PotatoSolanum tuberosumtuber / set · March–Mayspacing 13¾ in · 0.74 per sq ft
LettuceLactuca sativadirect sowing · March–Augustspacing 11¾ in · 1.11 per sq ft
OnionAllium cepabulb · March–April, October–Novemberspacing 4 in · 9.29 per sq ft
PumpkinCucurbita peposow indoors · April–Mayspacing 39¼ in · 0.07 per sq ft
Green beanPhaseolus vulgarisdirect sowing · May–Junespacing 6 in · 4.09 per sq ft
PepperCapsicum annuumsow indoors · February–Aprilspacing 15¾ in · 0.56 per sq ft
PeaPisum sativumdirect sowing · March–Junespacing 4 in · 9.29 per sq ft
RadishRaphanus sativusdirect sowing · April–Augustspacing 4 in · 9.29 per sq ft
GarlicAllium sativumbulb · October–Decemberspacing 6 in · 4.09 per sq ft
CabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatasow indoors · February–Aprilspacing 15¾ in · 0.56 per sq ft
BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris (Conditiva Group)direct sowing · March–Julyspacing 4 in · 9.29 per sq ft
KohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodesdirect sowing · March–Julyspacing 6 in · 4.09 per sq ft
Winter squashCucurbita maximadirect sowing · May–Junespacing 35½ in · 0.09 per sq ft
LeekAllium ampeloprasum (Porrum Group)sow indoors · Februaryspacing 7¾ in · 2.32 per sq ft
EggplantSolanum melongenatransplant outdoors · May–Junespacing 23½ in · 0.28 per sq ft
KaleBrassica oleracea var. sabellicasow indoors · Marchspacing 17¾ in · 0.46 per sq ft
Scarlet runner beanPhaseolus coccineusdirect sowing · May–Junespacing 7¾ in · 2.32 per sq ft
CeleriacApium graveolens var. rapaceumsow indoors · Marchspacing 11¾ in · 1.02 per sq ft
Fava beanVicia fabadirect sowing · March–Mayspacing 7¾ in · 2.32 per sq ft
SpinachSpinacia oleraceadirect sowing · March–May, August–Septemberspacing 6 in · 4.09 per sq ft
Swiss chardBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris (Cicla Group)direct sowing · April–Julyspacing 11¾ in · 1.02 per sq ft
Sweet cornZea mays var. saccharatatransplant outdoors · May–Junespacing 15¾ in · 0.56 per sq ft
ArugulaEruca vesicariadirect sowing · April–Septemberspacing 6 in · 4.09 per sq ft
BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicasow indoors · February–Junespacing 23½ in · 0.28 per sq ft
MelonCucumis melosow indoors · April–Mayspacing 39¼ in · 0.09 per sq ft
AsparagusAsparagus officinalisbare-root · March–Aprilspacing 17¾ in · 0.46 per sq ft
Belgian endiveCichorium intybus (Witloof Group)direct sowing · May–Junespacing 6 in · 4.09 per sq ft
Bok choyBrassica rapa (Chinensis Group)sow indoors · March–Mayspacing 9¾ in · 1.49 per sq ft
Broccoli rabeBrassica rapa (Ruvo Group)direct sowing · April–Augustspacing 6 in · 4.09 per sq ft
Brussels sproutsBrassica oleracea var. gemmiferasow indoors · February–Aprilspacing 23½ in · 0.28 per sq ft
Butternut squashCucurbita moschatasow indoors · Aprilspacing 39¼ in · 0.09 per sq ft
CauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytissow indoors · March–Aprilspacing 19¾ in · 0.37 per sq ft
CeleryApium graveolens var. dulcesow indoors · March–Aprilspacing 9¾ in · 1.49 per sq ft
Corn saladValerianella locustadirect sowing · March–April, Septemberspacing 4 in · 9.29 per sq ft
EndiveCichorium endiviadirect sowing · May–Augustspacing 11¾ in · 1.02 per sq ft
Florence fennelFoeniculum vulgare var. azoricumdirect sowing · June–Julyspacing 11¾ in · 1.02 per sq ft
Garden cressLepidium sativumsow indoors · January–Decemberspacing 2 in · 37.16 per sq ft
Globe artichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymussow indoors · February–Aprilspacing 39¼ in · 0.09 per sq ft
Hamburg parsleyPetroselinum crispum var. tuberosumdirect sowing · March–Aprilspacing 7¾ in · 2.32 per sq ft
HorseradishArmoracia rusticanaroot-balled · March–Augustspacing 23½ in · 0.28 per sq ft
Napa cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensisdirect sowing · March–Augustspacing 11¾ in · 1.02 per sq ft
ParsnipPastinaca sativadirect sowing · March–Mayspacing 7¾ in · 2.32 per sq ft
RadicchioCichorium intybus (Radicchio Group)sow indoors · April–Mayspacing 11¾ in · 1.02 per sq ft
RhubarbRheum rhabarbarumbare-root · November–Marchspacing 35½ in · 0.09 per sq ft
RutabagaBrassica napus var. napobrassicadirect sowing · May–Junespacing 9¾ in · 1.49 per sq ft
Sweet potatoIpomoea batatastransplant outdoors · May–Junespacing 11¾ in · 1.02 per sq ft
TurnipBrassica rapa subsp. rapadirect sowing · March–Augustspacing 7¾ in · 2.32 per sq ft
WatermelonCitrullus lanatussow indoors · Aprilspacing 35½ in · 0.09 per sq ft
Welsh onionAllium fistulosumdirect sowing · March–Augustspacing 7¾ in · 2.32 per sq ftCompanions
Good and bad neighbors.
Which crops help each other in the bed and which are better kept apart. The reason is on each plant’s page.


Green bean
Phaseolus vulgarisGood together

Pea
Pisum sativumGood together
Better apart

Broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicaGood together
Better apart

Kohlrabi
Brassica oleracea var. gongylodesBetter apart

Cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitataGood together
Better apart
Show more species (30)

Napa cabbage
Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensisGood together

Cauliflower
Brassica oleracea var. botrytisBetter apart

Kale
Brassica oleracea var. sabellicaBetter apart

Brussels sprouts
Brassica oleracea var. gemmiferaBetter apart

Swiss chard
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris (Cicla Group)
Radish
Raphanus sativus
Lettuce
Lactuca sativaGood together
Better apart

Spinach
Spinacia oleraceaBetter apart

Pumpkin
Cucurbita pepoGood together
Better apart

Sweet corn
Zea mays var. saccharataGood together
Better apart

Melon
Cucumis meloGood together

Pepper
Capsicum annuum
Tomato
Solanum lycopersicum
Winter squash
Cucurbita maximaGood together
Better apart

Cucumber
Cucumis sativusGood together
Better apart

Garlic
Allium sativumBetter apart

Onion
Allium cepaBetter apart

Welsh onion
Allium fistulosumBetter apart

Florence fennel
Foeniculum vulgare var. azoricumBetter apart

Turnip
Brassica rapa subsp. rapa
Carrot
Daucus carota subsp. sativusBetter apart

Parsnip
Pastinaca sativaGood together

Hamburg parsley
Petroselinum crispum var. tuberosum
Leek
Allium ampeloprasum (Porrum Group)Better apart

Beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris (Conditiva Group)Better apart

Celeriac
Apium graveolens var. rapaceum
Celery
Apium graveolens var. dulce
Potato
Solanum tuberosumGood together

Horseradish
Armoracia rusticanaGood together

Asparagus
Asparagus officinalisGood together
Ready-made bed combinations
Vegetable basics
Lettuce, chard, pepper and kohlrabi — a simple vegetable bed for the whole summer.
Tomatoes with companions
Tomatoes with basil, marigold and lettuce — neighbors that help each other.
Leafy greens
Lettuce, chard, spinach and endive — green leaves for quick harvests, even in part shade.
Why rotate
The same family never two years running.
Plants of one family share diseases and pests and take the same things from the soil. That is why they come back to the same spot only after a few years.
Groups by feeding needs
Heavy feeders go to the manured spot, followed by medium feeders, then light feeders and finally legumes, which add nitrogen to the soil.
A family stays together
Crops of one family move together, so they return to the same spot only after a full cycle.
Potatoes and tomatoes
Potatoes are a separate group in the planting plan, but they belong to one family with tomatoes and peppers (nightshades). Never one right after the other in one bed.
⛓ nightshades













