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Raised garden bed I – solid 2⅜ in European larchRaised garden bed IRaised garden bedsRaised garden bed L – solid 2⅜ in European larchRaised garden bed LRaised garden bedsRaised garden bed U – solid 2⅜ in European larchRaised garden bed URaised garden bedsBed I with bench – solid 2⅜ in European larchBed I with benchRaised garden bedsBed L with bench – solid 2⅜ in European larchBed L with benchRaised garden bedsSolid bench – solid 2⅜ in European larchSolid benchSeatingPedestal bench – solid 2⅜ in European larchPedestal benchSeatingBench with planter – solid 2⅜ in European larchBench with planterSeatingGarden table – solid 2⅜ in European larchGarden tableSeatingTable and two benches – solid 2⅜ in European larchTable and two benchesSeatingSandbox with seating – solid 2⅜ in European larchSandbox with seatingFor kidsGarden steps – solid 2⅜ in European larchGarden stepsSlope & terrace

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Choose your climateBased on winter hardiness only.

Vegetable · Asteraceae family

Belgian endive

Cichorium intybus (Witloof Group)

Full sun to part shade 11¾ in–3 ft 11¼ in × 5⅞ in–1 ft 11⅝ in Harvest October–March to −93 °F

In short a 10-second read

SunFull sun to part shade
Size11¾ in–3 ft 11¼ in
spacing 6 in
SowingMay–June
HarvestOctober–March
WinterLift and store for winter

Where to plant and how much to water

Sun, soil and water.

It grows best in full sun to part shade, in average to moist soil.

Sun

Sun6 hours or more
Part shade3–6 hours
Shadeunder 3 h

Soil

neutral to alkaline soil
acidicneutralalkaline
average to moistloamysandyhumus-rich

Watering

Belgian endive — Watering
only in dry spellsless when it rains

Frost

−93 °F
lift and store for winter

How much space it takes

Mature size.

The mature plant next to a person (69 in).

19¾ in3 ft 3⅜ in4 ft 11 in11¾ in–3 ft 11¼ inspread 5⅞ in–1 ft 11⅝ in
11¾ in–3 ft 11¼ in× spread 5⅞ in–1 ft 11⅝ in

Plant 6 in apart.

How to plant: in rows, 6 in in the row, 11¾ in between rows

The final size depends on the cultivar and the spot — we give the range from smallest to largest.

Calendar

Through the year.

Typical for a temperate climate (four seasons). The line shows the current month.

The year at a glance

Sowing: JanuarySowing: FebruarySowing: MarchSowing: AprilSowing: MaySowing: JuneSowing: JulySowing: AugustSowing: SeptemberSowing: OctoberSowing: NovemberSowing: DecemberFeeding: JanuaryFeeding: FebruaryFeeding: MarchFeeding: AprilFeeding: MayFeeding: JuneFeeding: JulyFeeding: AugustFeeding: SeptemberFeeding: OctoberFeeding: NovemberFeeding: DecemberHarvest: JanuaryHarvest: FebruaryHarvest: MarchHarvest: AprilHarvest: MayHarvest: JuneHarvest: JulyHarvest: AugustHarvest: SeptemberHarvest: OctoberHarvest: NovemberHarvest: DecemberJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
SowingFeedingHarvest
Now, in October: time to harvest. · watch for gray mold.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Sowing

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

direct sowing: May–June

Feeding

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

May

Harvest

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

October–March

Feeding

Nutrition.

Belgian endive — Feeding
Horn meal

up to 0.16 oz/sq ft · in 1 dose · May

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Pests and diseases

Common problems and what to do.

The most common problems in Central Europe. Protection is listed from the gentlest option.

High riskMedium riskLow riskRisk for this plant according to the source · no label = no documented level
Gray mold

Gray mold

Botrytis cinerea
Medium riskdisease
More about this problem

What you will see

Soft, rotting parts covered in a fuzzy gray coating.

The source says: it is among the perennials susceptible to gray mold.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
May–March

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Keep things clean: remove dead and diseased parts.
    • Ventilate polytunnels and greenhouses.
  2. By hand as soon as it appearsCarefully remove affected parts into a bag (spores spread easily) and dispose of them.
Gray molddisease · May–MarchMedium risk

What you will see

Soft, rotting parts covered in a fuzzy gray coating.

The source says: it is among the perennials susceptible to gray mold.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
May–March

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Keep things clean: remove dead and diseased parts.
    • Ventilate polytunnels and greenhouses.
  2. By hand as soon as it appearsCarefully remove affected parts into a bag (spores spread easily) and dispose of them.
More about this problem

What you will see

Colonies of tiny insects on young shoots and under leaves, stunted and distorted growth, sticky honeydew and black sooty mold on it.

When to look

Spring and summer

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Tolerate a small number: aphids are food for beneficial insects.
    • Check plants often so you can act in time.
    • Encourage ladybirds, hoverflies, lacewings and parasitic wasps.
  2. By hand as soon as you spot themSquash colonies with your fingers or remove affected shoot tips.
  3. Biological before a heavy infestationIn a greenhouse you can buy in hoverfly larvae, lacewings and parasitic wasps.
  4. Chemical — only when nothing else helps according to the product labelLast resort only: a product authorized in your country against aphids. Try non-chemical methods first.
Aphidspest · spring and summer

What you will see

Colonies of tiny insects on young shoots and under leaves, stunted and distorted growth, sticky honeydew and black sooty mold on it.

When to look

Spring and summer

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Tolerate a small number: aphids are food for beneficial insects.
    • Check plants often so you can act in time.
    • Encourage ladybirds, hoverflies, lacewings and parasitic wasps.
  2. By hand as soon as you spot themSquash colonies with your fingers or remove affected shoot tips.
  3. Biological before a heavy infestationIn a greenhouse you can buy in hoverfly larvae, lacewings and parasitic wasps.
  4. Chemical — only when nothing else helps according to the product labelLast resort only: a product authorized in your country against aphids. Try non-chemical methods first.
More about this problem

What you will see

White powdery coating on leaves, stems and flowers.

When to look

From spring, especially later in the season

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Water regularly and do not let plants suffer from drought; mulch (leave the area by the stem clear).
    • Improve airflow around plants.
    • Grow varieties with partial resistance, if available.
  2. By hand as soon as it appearsRemove affected leaves early; dispose of fallen affected leaves in fall.
Powdery mildewsdisease · from spring, especially later in the season

What you will see

White powdery coating on leaves, stems and flowers.

When to look

From spring, especially later in the season

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Water regularly and do not let plants suffer from drought; mulch (leave the area by the stem clear).
    • Improve airflow around plants.
    • Grow varieties with partial resistance, if available.
  2. By hand as soon as it appearsRemove affected leaves early; dispose of fallen affected leaves in fall.
More about this problem

What you will see

Irregular holes in soft leaves and young shoots and slime trails; they feed at night.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Plant sturdy potted plants, not delicate young seedlings.
    • Water in the morning, not the evening (evening watering helps them move around).
    • Encourage their natural enemies: birds, hedgehogs, toads, ground beetles.
  2. By hand evening, after rainPick them off by hand on damp evenings and take them far away. Traps: hollowed-out citrus halves placed cut side down, or sunken containers of beer; check in the morning.
  3. Biological when the soil is warm and moistSlug-specific nematodes (from a biological control supplier) are watered into the soil.
  4. Chemical — only when nothing else helps according to the product labelLast resort only: a product authorized in your country against slugs and snails. Try non-chemical methods first.
Slugs and snailspest

What you will see

Irregular holes in soft leaves and young shoots and slime trails; they feed at night.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Plant sturdy potted plants, not delicate young seedlings.
    • Water in the morning, not the evening (evening watering helps them move around).
    • Encourage their natural enemies: birds, hedgehogs, toads, ground beetles.
  2. By hand evening, after rainPick them off by hand on damp evenings and take them far away. Traps: hollowed-out citrus halves placed cut side down, or sunken containers of beer; check in the morning.
  3. Biological when the soil is warm and moistSlug-specific nematodes (from a biological control supplier) are watered into the soil.
  4. Chemical — only when nothing else helps according to the product labelLast resort only: a product authorized in your country against slugs and snails. Try non-chemical methods first.
More about this problem
Sources (6)

Bed neighbors

Good and bad neighbors.

Each neighbor shows how we know it.

✓Good neighbors

Frequently asked

Quick answers.

When do I sow Belgian endive?

In May–June (direct sowing).

When is Belgian endive harvested?

In October–March.

Does Belgian endive tolerate shade?

It tolerates part shade (3–6 hours of sun), but not full shade.

How much space does Belgian endive need?

At maturity 5⅞ in–1 ft 11⅝ in wide and 11¾ in–3 ft 11¼ in tall; recommended spacing 6 in.

Aphids — what can you do?

Tolerate a small number: aphids are food for beneficial insects. Squash colonies with your fingers or remove affected shoot tips.

Gray mold — what can you do?

Keep things clean: remove dead and diseased parts. Carefully remove affected parts into a bag (spores spread easily) and dispose of them.

Sources (10) Checked 27 October 2026

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