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Vegetable · Apiaceae family

Parsnip

Pastinaca sativa

Full sun 0.3–0.9 m × 0.2–0.4 m Harvest September–December to −34 °C

In short a 10-second read

SunFull sun
Size0.3–0.9 m
spacing 20 cm
Water~10–14 l/m²
a week in a dry summer
SowingMarch–May
HarvestSeptember–December
WinterNo winter protection

Where to plant and how much to water

Sun, soil and water.

It grows best in full sun, in average to moist soil.

Sun

Sun6 hours or more
Part shade3–6 hours
Shadeunder 3 h

Soil

acidic to neutral soil
acidicneutralalkaline
average to moistclayloamysandy

Watering

Parsnip — Watering
~10–14 l/m²a week in a dry summer
drought tolerant once establishedonly in dry spellsless when it rains

Frost

−34 °C
no winter protection

How much space it takes

Mature size.

The mature plant next to a person (175 cm).

50 cm1 m1.5 m0.3–0.9 mspread 0.2–0.4 m
0.3–0.9 m× spread 0.2–0.4 m

Plant 20 cm apart.

How to plant: in rows, 15 cm in the row, 30 cm between rows

The final size depends on the cultivar and the spot — we give the range from smallest to largest.

Calendar

Through the year.

Months for Central Europe. The line shows the current month.

The year at a glance

Sowing: JanuarySowing: FebruarySowing: MarchSowing: AprilSowing: MaySowing: JuneSowing: JulySowing: AugustSowing: SeptemberSowing: OctoberSowing: NovemberSowing: DecemberFeeding: JanuaryFeeding: FebruaryFeeding: MarchFeeding: AprilFeeding: MayFeeding: JuneFeeding: JulyFeeding: AugustFeeding: SeptemberFeeding: OctoberFeeding: NovemberFeeding: DecemberHarvest: JanuaryHarvest: FebruaryHarvest: MarchHarvest: AprilHarvest: MayHarvest: JuneHarvest: JulyHarvest: AugustHarvest: SeptemberHarvest: OctoberHarvest: NovemberHarvest: DecemberCheck: JanuaryCheck: FebruaryCheck: MarchCheck: AprilCheck: MayCheck: JuneCheck: JulyCheck: AugustCheck: SeptemberCheck: OctoberCheck: NovemberCheck: DecemberProtection: JanuaryProtection: FebruaryProtection: MarchProtection: AprilProtection: MayProtection: JuneProtection: JulyProtection: AugustProtection: SeptemberProtection: OctoberProtection: NovemberProtection: DecemberJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
SowingFeedingHarvestCheckProtection
Now, in October: time to harvest. · Protection – Cover the crop with fine insect mesh against carrot fly. · watch for carrot fly · watch for celery leaf mining fly.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Sowing

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

direct sowing: March–May

Feeding

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

March–April

Harvest

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

September–December

Check

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

May–October: Regularly check leaves for larval tunnels and pinch off affected parts.

Protection

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

May–October (protection): Cover the crop with fine insect mesh against carrot fly.

Feeding

Nutrition.

Parsnip — Feeding
Horn meal

up to 100 g/m² · in 1 dose · March–April

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Pests and diseases

Common problems and what to do.

The most common problems in Central Europe. Protection is listed from the gentlest option.

What you will see

Rust-brown scars and tunnels in the roots; slender creamy-yellow larvae up to 9 mm inside.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
May–October

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Sow thinly so you do not have to thin; thinning out seedlings attracts females with the scent.
    • Cover crops with fine mesh and rotate crops; full cover is more effective than a barrier.
  2. Biological spring and summer, when larvae hatchA mixture of pathogenic nematodes watered into the soil against young larvae (Steinernema feltiae in spring, S. carpocapsae in summer).
Carrot flypest · May–October

What you will see

Rust-brown scars and tunnels in the roots; slender creamy-yellow larvae up to 9 mm inside.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
May–October

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Sow thinly so you do not have to thin; thinning out seedlings attracts females with the scent.
    • Cover crops with fine mesh and rotate crops; full cover is more effective than a barrier.
  2. Biological spring and summer, when larvae hatchA mixture of pathogenic nematodes watered into the soil against young larvae (Steinernema feltiae in spring, S. carpocapsae in summer).
More about this problem
Splitting of root vegetablesphysiological disorder · summer and autumn

What you will see

Parsnip roots split lengthways after irregular watering and rain.

When to look

Summer and autumn

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Water evenly, not alternating between dry and wet.
More about this problem

What you will see

Blotchy eaten-out areas (tunnels) in the leaves, which turn brown and papery.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
May–October

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Cover plants with fine mesh and rotate crops.
    • Check plants regularly in summer.
  2. By hand in summer and at the end of the seasonPinch off affected parts of leaves; at the end of the season bury affected leaves deeply (you destroy overwintering pupae).
Celery leaf mining flypest · May–October

What you will see

Blotchy eaten-out areas (tunnels) in the leaves, which turn brown and papery.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
May–October

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Cover plants with fine mesh and rotate crops.
    • Check plants regularly in summer.
  2. By hand in summer and at the end of the seasonPinch off affected parts of leaves; at the end of the season bury affected leaves deeply (you destroy overwintering pupae).
More about this problem
Sources (4)

Bed neighbours

Good and bad neighbours.

Each neighbour shows how we know it.

✓Good neighbours

✕Bad neighbours

Frequently asked

Quick answers.

When do I sow parsnip?

In March–May (direct sowing).

When is parsnip harvested?

In September–December.

Does parsnip tolerate shade?

No, it needs full sun.

How much space does parsnip need?

At maturity 0.2–0.4 m wide and 0.3–0.9 m tall; recommended spacing 20 cm.

Carrot fly — what can you do?

Sow thinly so you do not have to thin; thinning out seedlings attracts females with the scent. A mixture of pathogenic nematodes watered into the soil against young larvae (Steinernema feltiae in spring, S. carpocapsae in summer).

Splitting of root vegetables — what can you do?

Water evenly, not alternating between dry and wet.

Sources (10) Checked 27 October 2026

Similar plants

Have a look at these too.

celery

Apium graveolens var. dulce

0.45–0.9 m × 0.25–0.4 m
Demandingvegetable
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