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Raised garden bed I – solid 2⅜ in European larchRaised garden bed IRaised garden bedsRaised garden bed L – solid 2⅜ in European larchRaised garden bed LRaised garden bedsRaised garden bed U – solid 2⅜ in European larchRaised garden bed URaised garden bedsBed I with bench – solid 2⅜ in European larchBed I with benchRaised garden bedsBed L with bench – solid 2⅜ in European larchBed L with benchRaised garden bedsSolid bench – solid 2⅜ in European larchSolid benchSeatingPedestal bench – solid 2⅜ in European larchPedestal benchSeatingBench with planter – solid 2⅜ in European larchBench with planterSeatingGarden table – solid 2⅜ in European larchGarden tableSeatingTable and two benches – solid 2⅜ in European larchTable and two benchesSeatingSandbox with seating – solid 2⅜ in European larchSandbox with seatingFor kidsGarden steps – solid 2⅜ in European larchGarden stepsSlope & terrace

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Brick Premium bedsSeatingKids’ cornerSlope & terraceCustom-size bedLow wall & slopeBed for the patio
Choose your climateBased on winter hardiness only.

Herb · Apiaceae family

Fennel

Foeniculum vulgare

Full sun 3 ft 3⅜ in–6 ft 6¾ in × 1 ft 3¾ in–1 ft 11⅝ in Flowers July–August Harvest August–September to −88 °F
Flower colors Click a color

In short a 10-second read

SunFull sun
Size3 ft 3⅜ in–6 ft 6¾ in
spacing 22¾ in
FlowersJuly–August
PruningFebruary–March
WinterNo winter protection

Where to plant and how much to water

Sun, soil and water.

It grows best in full sun, in soil from dry to moist.

Sun

Sun6 hours or more
Part shade3–6 hours
Shadeunder 3 h

Soil

tolerates any pH
acidicneutralalkaline
dry to moistnot fussy about soil

Watering

Fennel — Watering
drought tolerant once establishedless when it rains

Frost

−88 °F
no winter protectiondies back in winter, regrows in spring

How much space it takes

Mature size.

The mature plant next to a person (69 in).

19¾ in3 ft 3⅜ in4 ft 11 in6 ft 6¾ in3 ft 3⅜ in–6 ft 6¾ inspread 1 ft 3¾ in–1 ft 11⅝ in
3 ft 3⅜ in–6 ft 6¾ in× spread 1 ft 3¾ in–1 ft 11⅝ in

Plant 22¾ in apart.

How to plant: singly, 17¾ in apart

Reaches maturity in about 2–5 years. The final size depends on the cultivar and the spot — we give the range from smallest to largest.

Calendar

Through the year.

Typical for a temperate climate (four seasons). The line shows the current month.

The year at a glance

Flowers: JanuaryFlowers: FebruaryFlowers: MarchFlowers: AprilFlowers: MayFlowers: JuneFlowers: JulyFlowers: AugustFlowers: SeptemberFlowers: OctoberFlowers: NovemberFlowers: DecemberSowing: JanuarySowing: FebruarySowing: MarchSowing: AprilSowing: MaySowing: JuneSowing: JulySowing: AugustSowing: SeptemberSowing: OctoberSowing: NovemberSowing: DecemberPruning: JanuaryPruning: FebruaryPruning: MarchPruning: AprilPruning: MayPruning: JunePruning: JulyPruning: AugustPruning: SeptemberPruning: OctoberPruning: NovemberPruning: DecemberHarvest: JanuaryHarvest: FebruaryHarvest: MarchHarvest: AprilHarvest: MayHarvest: JuneHarvest: JulyHarvest: AugustHarvest: SeptemberHarvest: OctoberHarvest: NovemberHarvest: DecemberJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
FlowersSowingPruningHarvest
Now, in October: nothing to do — the next job is in February.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Flowers

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

July–August · yellow

Sowing

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

direct sowing: April–May

Pruning

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

cut back to the ground (February–March)

Harvest

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

August–September

Feeding

Nutrition.

No feeding in beds

in pots once in late spring

Pruning

When and how to prune.

Typical for a temperate climate (four seasons).

Fennel — Cut back to the ground

Cut back to the ground

FebMar
How to prunePrune hard: the dead fennel stems down to ground level in spring, before new shoots appear, so you do not damage them. Note: fennel self-seeds readily, so remove faded flower heads if you do not want seedlings.

Pests and diseases

Common problems and what to do.

The most common problems in Central Europe. Protection is listed from the gentlest option.

What you will see

Clusters of tiny sap-sucking insects on young shoots, curled leaves, sticky honeydew and sooty mold.

When to look

Spring – summer

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Aphids are part of a healthy garden and food for predators; a healthy plant usually tolerates them.
  2. By handWipe or rinse off colonies and remove affected tips.
  3. BiologicalEncourage natural enemies (ladybirds, earwigs, birds).
Aphidspest · spring – summer

What you will see

Clusters of tiny sap-sucking insects on young shoots, curled leaves, sticky honeydew and sooty mold.

When to look

Spring – summer

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Aphids are part of a healthy garden and food for predators; a healthy plant usually tolerates them.
  2. By handWipe or rinse off colonies and remove affected tips.
  3. BiologicalEncourage natural enemies (ladybirds, earwigs, birds).
More about this problem

What you will see

Irregular holes in leaves and slime trails, especially on young plants in damp weather.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Changing growing practices is the best strategy; protect young plants.
  2. By handEvening collection by torchlight in damp weather; barriers (copper tape, wool pellets).
  3. Biological moist, warm soilPhasmarhabditis hermaphrodita nematodes watered into the soil.
Slugs and snailspest

What you will see

Irregular holes in leaves and slime trails, especially on young plants in damp weather.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Changing growing practices is the best strategy; protect young plants.
  2. By handEvening collection by torchlight in damp weather; barriers (copper tape, wool pellets).
  3. Biological moist, warm soilPhasmarhabditis hermaphrodita nematodes watered into the soil.
More about this problem

What you will see

White powdery coating on leaves, stems and flowers; leaves may become distorted.

When to look

From spring onwards

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Destroy fallen infected leaves in fall; do not over-feed, and protect from drought (stress invites powdery mildew).
  2. By hand fallPrune out infected shoots early and destroy fallen leaves.
Powdery mildewsdisease · from spring onwards

What you will see

White powdery coating on leaves, stems and flowers; leaves may become distorted.

When to look

From spring onwards

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Destroy fallen infected leaves in fall; do not over-feed, and protect from drought (stress invites powdery mildew).
  2. By hand fallPrune out infected shoots early and destroy fallen leaves.
More about this problem
Sources (5)

Frequently asked

Quick answers.

When does fennel flower?

In July–August; the flowers are yellow.

When do I sow fennel?

In April–May (direct sowing).

When is fennel harvested?

In August–September.

Does fennel tolerate shade?

No, it needs full sun.

How much space does fennel need?

At maturity 1 ft 3¾ in–1 ft 11⅝ in wide and 3 ft 3⅜ in–6 ft 6¾ in tall; recommended spacing 22¾ in.

Aphids — what can you do?

Aphids are part of a healthy garden and food for predators; a healthy plant usually tolerates them. Wipe or rinse off colonies and remove affected tips.

Slugs and snails — what can you do?

Changing growing practices is the best strategy; protect young plants. Evening collection by torchlight in damp weather; barriers (copper tape, wool pellets).

Sources (10) Checked 17 October 2026

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