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Vegetable · Amaryllidaceae family

Leek

Allium ampeloprasum (Porrum Group)

Full sun 0.6–1.2 m × 0.2–0.45 m Harvest August–April Moderate care

In short a 10-second read

SunFull sun
Size0.6–1.2 m
spacing 20 cm
Water~10–14 l/m²
a week in a dry summer
PlantingMay–June
HarvestAugust–April
WinterNo winter protection

Where to plant and how much to water

Sun, soil and water.

It grows best in full sun, in average to moist soil.

Sun

Sun6 hours or more
Part shade3–6 hours
Shadeunder 3 h

Soil

acidic to neutral soil
acidicneutralalkaline
average to moisthumus-richloamy

Watering

Leek — Watering
~10–14 l/m²a week in a dry summer
regularly until establishedonly in dry spellsless when it rains

Winter

no winter protection

How much space it takes

Mature size.

The mature plant next to a person (175 cm).

50 cm1 m1.5 m0.6–1.2 mspread 0.2–0.45 m
0.6–1.2 m× spread 0.2–0.45 m

Plant 20 cm apart.

How to plant: in rows, 15 cm in the row, 30 cm between rows

The final size depends on the cultivar and the spot — we give the range from smallest to largest.

Calendar

Through the year.

Months for Central Europe. The line shows the current month.

The year at a glance

Sowing: JanuarySowing: FebruarySowing: MarchSowing: AprilSowing: MaySowing: JuneSowing: JulySowing: AugustSowing: SeptemberSowing: OctoberSowing: NovemberSowing: DecemberPlanting: JanuaryPlanting: FebruaryPlanting: MarchPlanting: AprilPlanting: MayPlanting: JunePlanting: JulyPlanting: AugustPlanting: SeptemberPlanting: OctoberPlanting: NovemberPlanting: DecemberFeeding: JanuaryFeeding: FebruaryFeeding: MarchFeeding: AprilFeeding: MayFeeding: JuneFeeding: JulyFeeding: AugustFeeding: SeptemberFeeding: OctoberFeeding: NovemberFeeding: DecemberHarvest: JanuaryHarvest: FebruaryHarvest: MarchHarvest: AprilHarvest: MayHarvest: JuneHarvest: JulyHarvest: AugustHarvest: SeptemberHarvest: OctoberHarvest: NovemberHarvest: DecemberCheck: JanuaryCheck: FebruaryCheck: MarchCheck: AprilCheck: MayCheck: JuneCheck: JulyCheck: AugustCheck: SeptemberCheck: OctoberCheck: NovemberCheck: DecemberProtection: JanuaryProtection: FebruaryProtection: MarchProtection: AprilProtection: MayProtection: JuneProtection: JulyProtection: AugustProtection: SeptemberProtection: OctoberProtection: NovemberProtection: DecemberJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
SowingPlantingFeedingHarvestCheckProtection
Now, in October: time to harvest. · Protection – Cover leeks with fine mesh during the leaf miner's flight period (March–April, September–October). · watch for allium leaf miner · watch for leek moth.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Sowing

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

sow indoors: February; direct sowing: March–April

Planting

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

transplant outdoors: May–June

Feeding

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

May–June

Harvest

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

August–April

Check

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

April–October: Check leeks for white netted cocoons and squash them; consider mesh.

Protection

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

March–April, September–October (protection): Cover leeks with fine mesh during the leaf miner's flight period (March–April, September–October).

Feeding

Nutrition.

Leek — Feeding
Horn meal

up to 150 g/m² · in 2 doses: at planting and 3–4 weeks later · May–June

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Pests and diseases

Common problems and what to do.

The most common problems in Central Europe. Protection is listed from the gentlest option.

High riskMedium riskLow riskRisk for this plant according to the source · no label = no documented level
Allium leaf miner

Allium leaf miner

Phytomyza gymnostoma
High riskpest
More about this problem

What you will see

White tunnels on leaves, with larvae or brown pupae in the stems and bulbs; rot follows.

The source says: it is a serious threat to allium crops.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
March–June, September–October

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Cover plants with fine mesh during the fly's flight period (peak March–April and September–October).
    • Rotate crops, otherwise flies can emerge from pupae under the mesh.
  2. By hand at the first symptomsRemove affected plants early and dispose of them.
Allium leaf minerpest · March–June, September–OctoberHigh risk

What you will see

White tunnels on leaves, with larvae or brown pupae in the stems and bulbs; rot follows.

The source says: it is a serious threat to allium crops.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
March–June, September–October

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Cover plants with fine mesh during the fly's flight period (peak March–April and September–October).
    • Rotate crops, otherwise flies can emerge from pupae under the mesh.
  2. By hand at the first symptomsRemove affected plants early and dispose of them.
More about this problem
Onion white rot

Onion white rot

Stromatinia cepivora
High riskdisease
More about this problem

What you will see

Yellowing and wilting leaves, rotting roots and onion base.

The source says: it is a serious disease of the onion family.

When to look

Midsummer to early autumn

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • You can practically never clean soil once it has white rot: prevent it being introduced (soil on tools and footwear).
    • Do not grow alliums on affected soil.
  2. By hand as soon as it appearsDig up affected plants together with the surrounding soil and dispose of them; no chemical soil treatment is available to gardeners.
Onion white rotdisease · midsummer to early autumnHigh risk

What you will see

Yellowing and wilting leaves, rotting roots and onion base.

The source says: it is a serious disease of the onion family.

When to look

Midsummer to early autumn

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • You can practically never clean soil once it has white rot: prevent it being introduced (soil on tools and footwear).
    • Do not grow alliums on affected soil.
  2. By hand as soon as it appearsDig up affected plants together with the surrounding soil and dispose of them; no chemical soil treatment is available to gardeners.
More about this problem
Leek rust

Leek rust

Puccinia porri
Medium riskdisease
More about this problem

What you will see

Bright orange pustules on the leaves.

The source says: it is a common disease of leeks and garlic.

When to look

Midsummer to late autumn

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • The disease is worse on soil rich in nitrogen and poor in potassium: feed carefully.
    • Try varieties that suppliers list as more resistant (this is only partial resistance).
  2. By hand as soon as it appearsRemove affected leaves and dispose of them; do not overfeed with nitrogen.
Leek rustdisease · midsummer to late autumnMedium risk

What you will see

Bright orange pustules on the leaves.

The source says: it is a common disease of leeks and garlic.

When to look

Midsummer to late autumn

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • The disease is worse on soil rich in nitrogen and poor in potassium: feed carefully.
    • Try varieties that suppliers list as more resistant (this is only partial resistance).
  2. By hand as soon as it appearsRemove affected leaves and dispose of them; do not overfeed with nitrogen.
More about this problem
Leek moth

Leek moth

Acrolepiopsis assectella
pest

What you will see

White blotches on leaves, young plants rot and die; tiny caterpillars are inside the tissue.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
April–October

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Cover plants with fine mesh for the whole growing period and rotate crops.
    • Look for white netted cocoons on the leaves and squash them.
  2. By hand April to OctoberCollect cocoons and caterpillars and destroy them by hand.
Leek mothpest · April–October

What you will see

White blotches on leaves, young plants rot and die; tiny caterpillars are inside the tissue.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
April–October

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Cover plants with fine mesh for the whole growing period and rotate crops.
    • Look for white netted cocoons on the leaves and squash them.
  2. By hand April to OctoberCollect cocoons and caterpillars and destroy them by hand.

What you will see

Yellowing and wilting leaves, damaged bulbs, destroyed seedlings.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
June–July

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Encourage ground beetles and rove beetles.
  2. By hand end of summerDig up heavily infested plants at the end of summer and burn them so the larvae do not complete their development.
  3. Biological June and JulyA mixture of pathogenic nematodes watered into the soil against young larvae (it also works on other soil insects).
Onion flypest · June–July

What you will see

Yellowing and wilting leaves, damaged bulbs, destroyed seedlings.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
June–July

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Encourage ground beetles and rove beetles.
  2. By hand end of summerDig up heavily infested plants at the end of summer and burn them so the larvae do not complete their development.
  3. Biological June and JulyA mixture of pathogenic nematodes watered into the soil against young larvae (it also works on other soil insects).
More about this problem
Sources (7)

Bed neighbours

Good and bad neighbours.

Each neighbour shows how we know it.

✓Good neighbours

✕Bad neighbours

Frequently asked

Quick answers.

When do I sow leek?

In February–April (sow indoors, direct sowing).

When is leek harvested?

In August–April.

Does leek tolerate shade?

No, it needs full sun.

How much space does leek need?

At maturity 0.2–0.45 m wide and 0.6–1.2 m tall; recommended spacing 20 cm.

Allium leaf miner — what can you do?

Cover plants with fine mesh during the fly's flight period (peak March–April and September–October). Remove affected plants early and dispose of them.

Leek rust — what can you do?

The disease is worse on soil rich in nitrogen and poor in potassium: feed carefully. Remove affected leaves and dispose of them; do not overfeed with nitrogen.

Sources (5) Checked 27 October 2026

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