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Vegetable · Amaranthaceae family

Beetroot

Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris (Conditiva Group)

Full sun to part shade 0.3–0.45 m × 0.2–0.3 m Harvest June–November Low maintenance

In short a 10-second read

SunFull sun to part shade
Size0.3–0.45 m
spacing 10 cm
Water~10–14 l/m²
a week in a dry summer
SowingMarch–July
HarvestJune–November
Care levelLow maintenance

Where to plant and how much to water

Sun, soil and water.

It grows best in full sun to part shade, in average to moist soil.

Sun

Sun6 hours or more
Part shade3–6 hours
Shadeunder 3 h

Soil

acidic to neutral soil
acidicneutralalkaline
average to moisthumus-richloamysandy

Watering

Beetroot — Watering
~10–14 l/m²a week in a dry summer
only in dry spellsless when it rains

How much space it takes

Mature size.

The mature plant next to a person (175 cm).

50 cm1 m1.5 m0.3–0.45 mspread 0.2–0.3 m
0.3–0.45 m× spread 0.2–0.3 m

Plant 10 cm apart.

How to plant: in rows, 10 cm in the row, 30 cm between rows

The final size depends on the cultivar and the spot — we give the range from smallest to largest.

Calendar

Through the year.

Months for Central Europe. The line shows the current month.

The year at a glance

Sowing: JanuarySowing: FebruarySowing: MarchSowing: AprilSowing: MaySowing: JuneSowing: JulySowing: AugustSowing: SeptemberSowing: OctoberSowing: NovemberSowing: DecemberFeeding: JanuaryFeeding: FebruaryFeeding: MarchFeeding: AprilFeeding: MayFeeding: JuneFeeding: JulyFeeding: AugustFeeding: SeptemberFeeding: OctoberFeeding: NovemberFeeding: DecemberHarvest: JanuaryHarvest: FebruaryHarvest: MarchHarvest: AprilHarvest: MayHarvest: JuneHarvest: JulyHarvest: AugustHarvest: SeptemberHarvest: OctoberHarvest: NovemberHarvest: DecemberCheck: JanuaryCheck: FebruaryCheck: MarchCheck: AprilCheck: MayCheck: JuneCheck: JulyCheck: AugustCheck: SeptemberCheck: OctoberCheck: NovemberCheck: DecemberJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
SowingFeedingHarvestCheck
Now, in October: time to harvest.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Sowing

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

direct sowing: March–July

Feeding

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

May

Harvest

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

June–November

Check

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

April–September: Look for clusters of white eggs on the undersides of beetroot leaves and remove affected leaves.

Feeding

Nutrition.

Beetroot — Feeding
Horn meal

up to 100 g/m² · in 1 dose · May

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Pests and diseases

Common problems and what to do.

The most common problems in Central Europe. Protection is listed from the gentlest option.

Beet leaf miner

Beet leaf miner

Pegomya hyoscyami
pest

What you will see

Large pale blotches (mines) in beetroot leaves.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
April–September

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Cover plants with fine mesh so flies do not lay eggs, and rotate crops.
  2. By hand mainly early summerRemove affected leaves or squash the larvae in the tunnels with your fingers; look for white eggs on the undersides of leaves.
Beet leaf minerpest · April–September

What you will see

Large pale blotches (mines) in beetroot leaves.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
April–September

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Cover plants with fine mesh so flies do not lay eggs, and rotate crops.
  2. By hand mainly early summerRemove affected leaves or squash the larvae in the tunnels with your fingers; look for white eggs on the undersides of leaves.

What you will see

Discoloured areas on the top of leaves, with a white, grey or purple coating beneath.

When to look

Mainly summer and autumn, especially in damp conditions

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Do not plant densely; weed so air can circulate.
    • Water in the morning and avoid wetting the leaves in the evening.
    • Rotate crops; soil spores survive.
  2. By hand as soon as it appearsPull off affected leaves and dispose of them (burying, burning, recycling centre).
Downy mildewsdisease · mainly summer and autumn, especially in damp conditions

What you will see

Discoloured areas on the top of leaves, with a white, grey or purple coating beneath.

When to look

Mainly summer and autumn, especially in damp conditions

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Do not plant densely; weed so air can circulate.
    • Water in the morning and avoid wetting the leaves in the evening.
    • Rotate crops; soil spores survive.
  2. By hand as soon as it appearsPull off affected leaves and dispose of them (burying, burning, recycling centre).
More about this problem

What you will see

Roots split lengthwise, usually from the top, sometimes down to the core. Soft rot can enter through the cracks; damage is often only visible at harvest.

When to look

Summer and autumn

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Water evenly, not alternating between dry and wet. After drought and heavy rain, roots take up water quickly and split.
    • In dry weather, water deeply about once every two weeks, and once a week as the roots approach harvest; especially on sandy and chalky soil.
    • Improve the soil with well-rotted organic matter; do not put fresh manure under carrots.
    • Excess nitrogen and temperature swings can contribute; frost can burst some roots.
    • If the problem recurs, choose varieties resistant to splitting; lift less frost-hardy roots before the first autumn frosts.
  2. By hand as soon as it is foundRemove split roots straight away. Use the healthy part quickly before it starts to rot, and clean mud out of the cracks thoroughly. There is no chemical treatment.
Splitting of root vegetablesphysiological disorder · summer and autumn

What you will see

Roots split lengthwise, usually from the top, sometimes down to the core. Soft rot can enter through the cracks; damage is often only visible at harvest.

When to look

Summer and autumn

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Water evenly, not alternating between dry and wet. After drought and heavy rain, roots take up water quickly and split.
    • In dry weather, water deeply about once every two weeks, and once a week as the roots approach harvest; especially on sandy and chalky soil.
    • Improve the soil with well-rotted organic matter; do not put fresh manure under carrots.
    • Excess nitrogen and temperature swings can contribute; frost can burst some roots.
    • If the problem recurs, choose varieties resistant to splitting; lift less frost-hardy roots before the first autumn frosts.
  2. By hand as soon as it is foundRemove split roots straight away. Use the healthy part quickly before it starts to rot, and clean mud out of the cracks thoroughly. There is no chemical treatment.
More about this problem

What you will see

It transmits the bacteria SBR and stolbur: leaves change colour and wilt, taste and quality change, storage roots become soft and rubbery. Some affected plants show no symptoms. Nymphs develop in the soil.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Keep to crop rotation.
    • Use crop nets.
    • Bare fallow can reduce pest pressure.
  2. Chemical — only when nothing else helps according to the regional plant protection warning serviceIn Bavaria only emergency authorisations for spraying against the planthopper were granted for the 2026 season; protection strategies and the course of the infection are still unclear. Use only a product authorised in your country against planthoppers on the crop in question.
Reed planthopper (vector of SBR and stolbur)pest

What you will see

It transmits the bacteria SBR and stolbur: leaves change colour and wilt, taste and quality change, storage roots become soft and rubbery. Some affected plants show no symptoms. Nymphs develop in the soil.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Keep to crop rotation.
    • Use crop nets.
    • Bare fallow can reduce pest pressure.
  2. Chemical — only when nothing else helps according to the regional plant protection warning serviceIn Bavaria only emergency authorisations for spraying against the planthopper were granted for the 2026 season; protection strategies and the course of the infection are still unclear. Use only a product authorised in your country against planthoppers on the crop in question.
More about this problem
Sources (5)

Bed neighbours

Good and bad neighbours.

Each neighbour shows how we know it.

✓Good neighbours

✕Bad neighbours

Frequently asked

Quick answers.

When do I sow beetroot?

In March–July (direct sowing).

When is beetroot harvested?

In June–November.

Does beetroot tolerate shade?

It tolerates part shade (3–6 hours of sun), but not full shade.

How much space does beetroot need?

At maturity 0.2–0.3 m wide and 0.3–0.45 m tall; recommended spacing 10 cm.

Beet leaf miner — what can you do?

Cover plants with fine mesh so flies do not lay eggs, and rotate crops. Remove affected leaves or squash the larvae in the tunnels with your fingers; look for white eggs on the undersides of leaves.

Downy mildews — what can you do?

Do not plant densely; weed so air can circulate. Pull off affected leaves and dispose of them (burying, burning, recycling centre).

Sources (8) Checked 27 October 2026

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