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Vegetable · Apiaceae family

Celeriac

Apium graveolens var. rapaceum

Full sun 0.45–0.9 m × 0.3–0.45 m Harvest June–October Demanding

In short a 10-second read

SunFull sun
Size0.45–0.9 m
spacing 30 cm
PlantingMay–June
HarvestJune–October
WinterNo winter protection

Where to plant and how much to water

Sun, soil and water.

It grows best in full sun, in moist soil.

Sun

Sun6 hours or more
Part shade3–6 hours
Shadeunder 3 h

Soil

tolerates any pH
acidicneutralalkaline
moisthumus-richloamy

Watering

Celeriac — Watering
keep the soil evenly moistless when it rains

Winter

no winter protection

How much space it takes

Mature size.

The mature plant next to a person (175 cm).

50 cm1 m1.5 m0.45–0.9 mspread 0.3–0.45 m
0.45–0.9 m× spread 0.3–0.45 m

Plant 30 cm apart.

How to plant: staggered, 30 cm apart

The final size depends on the cultivar and the spot — we give the range from smallest to largest.

Calendar

Through the year.

Months for Central Europe. The line shows the current month.

The year at a glance

Sowing: JanuarySowing: FebruarySowing: MarchSowing: AprilSowing: MaySowing: JuneSowing: JulySowing: AugustSowing: SeptemberSowing: OctoberSowing: NovemberSowing: DecemberPlanting: JanuaryPlanting: FebruaryPlanting: MarchPlanting: AprilPlanting: MayPlanting: JunePlanting: JulyPlanting: AugustPlanting: SeptemberPlanting: OctoberPlanting: NovemberPlanting: DecemberFeeding: JanuaryFeeding: FebruaryFeeding: MarchFeeding: AprilFeeding: MayFeeding: JuneFeeding: JulyFeeding: AugustFeeding: SeptemberFeeding: OctoberFeeding: NovemberFeeding: DecemberHarvest: JanuaryHarvest: FebruaryHarvest: MarchHarvest: AprilHarvest: MayHarvest: JuneHarvest: JulyHarvest: AugustHarvest: SeptemberHarvest: OctoberHarvest: NovemberHarvest: DecemberCheck: JanuaryCheck: FebruaryCheck: MarchCheck: AprilCheck: MayCheck: JuneCheck: JulyCheck: AugustCheck: SeptemberCheck: OctoberCheck: NovemberCheck: DecemberProtection: JanuaryProtection: FebruaryProtection: MarchProtection: AprilProtection: MayProtection: JuneProtection: JulyProtection: AugustProtection: SeptemberProtection: OctoberProtection: NovemberProtection: DecemberJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
SowingPlantingFeedingHarvestCheckProtection
Now, in October: time to harvest. · Check – Regularly check leaves for larval tunnels and pinch off affected parts. · watch for celery leaf mining fly · watch for carrot fly.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Sowing

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

sow indoors: March

Planting

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

transplant outdoors: May–June

Feeding

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

May–June

Harvest

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

June–October

Check

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

May–October: Regularly check leaves for larval tunnels and pinch off affected parts.

Protection

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

May–October (protection): Cover the crop with fine insect mesh against carrot fly.

Feeding

Nutrition.

Horn meal

up to 150 g/m² · in 2 doses: at planting and 3–4 weeks later · May–June

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Pests and diseases

Common problems and what to do.

The most common problems in Central Europe. Protection is listed from the gentlest option.

What you will see

Blotchy eaten-out areas (tunnels) in the leaves, which turn brown and papery.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
May–October

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Cover plants with fine mesh and rotate crops.
    • Check plants regularly in summer.
  2. By hand in summer and at the end of the seasonPinch off affected parts of leaves; at the end of the season bury affected leaves deeply (you destroy overwintering pupae).
Celery leaf mining flypest · May–October

What you will see

Blotchy eaten-out areas (tunnels) in the leaves, which turn brown and papery.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
May–October

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Cover plants with fine mesh and rotate crops.
    • Check plants regularly in summer.
  2. By hand in summer and at the end of the seasonPinch off affected parts of leaves; at the end of the season bury affected leaves deeply (you destroy overwintering pupae).
More about this problem

What you will see

Irregular holes in soft leaves and young shoots and slime trails; they feed at night.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Plant sturdy potted plants, not delicate young seedlings.
    • Water in the morning, not the evening (evening watering helps them move around).
    • Encourage their natural enemies: birds, hedgehogs, toads, ground beetles.
  2. By hand evening, after rainPick them off by hand on damp evenings and take them far away. Traps: hollowed-out citrus halves placed cut side down, or sunken containers of beer; check in the morning.
  3. Biological when the soil is warm and moistSlug-specific nematodes (from a biological control supplier) are watered into the soil.
  4. Chemical — only when nothing else helps according to the product labelLast resort only: a product authorised in your country against slugs and snails. Try non-chemical methods first.
Slugs and snailspest

What you will see

Irregular holes in soft leaves and young shoots and slime trails; they feed at night.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Plant sturdy potted plants, not delicate young seedlings.
    • Water in the morning, not the evening (evening watering helps them move around).
    • Encourage their natural enemies: birds, hedgehogs, toads, ground beetles.
  2. By hand evening, after rainPick them off by hand on damp evenings and take them far away. Traps: hollowed-out citrus halves placed cut side down, or sunken containers of beer; check in the morning.
  3. Biological when the soil is warm and moistSlug-specific nematodes (from a biological control supplier) are watered into the soil.
  4. Chemical — only when nothing else helps according to the product labelLast resort only: a product authorised in your country against slugs and snails. Try non-chemical methods first.
More about this problem

What you will see

Rust-brown scars and tunnels in the roots; slender creamy-yellow larvae up to 9 mm inside.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
May–October

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Cover crops with fine mesh and rotate crops; full cover is more effective than a barrier.
  2. Biological spring and summer, when larvae hatchA mixture of pathogenic nematodes watered into the soil against young larvae (Steinernema feltiae in spring, S. carpocapsae in summer).
Carrot flypest · May–October

What you will see

Rust-brown scars and tunnels in the roots; slender creamy-yellow larvae up to 9 mm inside.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
May–October

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Cover crops with fine mesh and rotate crops; full cover is more effective than a barrier.
  2. Biological spring and summer, when larvae hatchA mixture of pathogenic nematodes watered into the soil against young larvae (Steinernema feltiae in spring, S. carpocapsae in summer).
More about this problem
Sources (4)

Bed neighbours

Good and bad neighbours.

Each neighbour shows how we know it.

✓Good neighbours

✕Bad neighbours

Frequently asked

Quick answers.

When do I sow celeriac?

In March (sow indoors).

When is celeriac harvested?

In June–October.

Does celeriac tolerate shade?

No, it needs full sun.

How much space does celeriac need?

At maturity 0.3–0.45 m wide and 0.45–0.9 m tall; recommended spacing 30 cm.

Celery leaf mining fly — what can you do?

Cover plants with fine mesh and rotate crops. Pinch off affected parts of leaves; at the end of the season bury affected leaves deeply (you destroy overwintering pupae).

Slugs and snails — what can you do?

Plant sturdy potted plants, not delicate young seedlings. Pick them off by hand on damp evenings and take them far away. Traps: hollowed-out citrus halves placed cut side down, or sunken containers of beer; check in the morning.

Sources (7) Checked 22 October 2026

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