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Biennial · Malvaceae family

Hollyhock

Alcea rosea

Full sun to part shade 1.5–2.5 m × 0.3–1 m Flowers June–August to −29 °C
Flower colours Click a colour

In short a 10-second read

SunFull sun to part shade
Size1.5–2.5 m
spacing 60 cm
FlowersJune–August
WinterNo winter protection

Where to plant and how much to water

Sun, soil and water.

It grows best in full sun to part shade, in average soil.

Sun

Sun6 hours or more
Part shade3–6 hours
Shadeunder 3 h

Soil

tolerates any pH
acidicneutralalkaline
averageloamysandyclay

Watering

only in dry spellsdo not waterlogless when it rains

Frost

−29 °C
no winter protection

How much space it takes

Mature size.

The mature plant next to a person (175 cm).

1 m2 m1.5–2.5 mspread 0.3–1 m
1.5–2.5 m× spread 0.3–1 m

Plant 60 cm apart.

Reaches maturity in about 2–5 years. The final size depends on the cultivar and the spot — we give the range from smallest to largest.

Calendar

Through the year.

Months for Central Europe. The line shows the current month.

The year at a glance

Flowers: JanuaryFlowers: FebruaryFlowers: MarchFlowers: AprilFlowers: MayFlowers: JuneFlowers: JulyFlowers: AugustFlowers: SeptemberFlowers: OctoberFlowers: NovemberFlowers: DecemberSowing: JanuarySowing: FebruarySowing: MarchSowing: AprilSowing: MaySowing: JuneSowing: JulySowing: AugustSowing: SeptemberSowing: OctoberSowing: NovemberSowing: DecemberJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
FlowersSowing
Now, in October: nothing to do — the next job is in February.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Flowers

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

June–August · white, yellow, orange, pink, red or purple

Sowing

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

direct sowing: April–May, August–September; sow indoors: February–March

Feeding

Nutrition.

Light
balanced fertiliser

Pests and diseases

Common problems and what to do.

The most common problems in Central Europe. Protection is listed from the gentlest option.

High riskMedium riskLow riskRisk for this plant according to the source · no label = no documented level

Hollyhock rust

Puccinia malvacearum
High riskdisease

What you will see

Bright yellow to orange spots on the upper leaf surface and reddish-brown, spore-producing pustules on the underside; badly affected leaves shrivel and fall, and the plant is stunted.

The source says: hollyhock can be severely disfigured by rust.

When to look

Summer, especially when wet

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Check the plants regularly, especially in a wet summer.
    • Do not use seed from affected plants.
    • Watch newly bought plants for symptoms.
    • Grow hollyhocks as biennials: this reduces the rust pressure.
  2. By hand as soon as it appearsRemove and dispose of affected leaves; discard heavily infected plants.
Hollyhock rustdisease · summer, especially when wetHigh risk

What you will see

Bright yellow to orange spots on the upper leaf surface and reddish-brown, spore-producing pustules on the underside; badly affected leaves shrivel and fall, and the plant is stunted.

The source says: hollyhock can be severely disfigured by rust.

When to look

Summer, especially when wet

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Check the plants regularly, especially in a wet summer.
    • Do not use seed from affected plants.
    • Watch newly bought plants for symptoms.
    • Grow hollyhocks as biennials: this reduces the rust pressure.
  2. By hand as soon as it appearsRemove and dispose of affected leaves; discard heavily infected plants.

What you will see

Leaves are speckled and bronzing, with fine webbing on the underside.

The source says: spider mites are common on this plant.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Reduce dust and water stress; do not use broad-spectrum insecticides, which cause mite outbreaks.
  2. By handA strong jet of water on the underside of leaves.
  3. Gentle sprayInsecticidal soap or oil, thoroughly on the undersides; only after mites are confirmed.
Spider mitespestMedium risk

What you will see

Leaves are speckled and bronzing, with fine webbing on the underside.

The source says: spider mites are common on this plant.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Reduce dust and water stress; do not use broad-spectrum insecticides, which cause mite outbreaks.
  2. By handA strong jet of water on the underside of leaves.
  3. Gentle sprayInsecticidal soap or oil, thoroughly on the undersides; only after mites are confirmed.
More about this problem

What you will see

Irregular holes in leaves and slime trails, especially on young plants in damp weather.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Changing growing practices is the best strategy; protect young plants.
  2. By handEvening collection by torchlight in damp weather; barriers (copper tape, wool pellets).
  3. Biological moist, warm soilPhasmarhabditis hermaphrodita nematodes watered into the soil.
Slugs and snailspest

What you will see

Irregular holes in leaves and slime trails, especially on young plants in damp weather.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Changing growing practices is the best strategy; protect young plants.
  2. By handEvening collection by torchlight in damp weather; barriers (copper tape, wool pellets).
  3. Biological moist, warm soilPhasmarhabditis hermaphrodita nematodes watered into the soil.
More about this problem

What you will see

Clusters of tiny sap-sucking insects on young shoots, curled leaves, sticky honeydew and sooty mould.

When to look

Spring – summer

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Aphids are part of a healthy garden and food for predators; a healthy plant usually tolerates them.
  2. By handWipe or rinse off colonies and remove affected tips.
  3. BiologicalEncourage natural enemies (ladybirds, earwigs, birds).
Aphidspest · spring – summer

What you will see

Clusters of tiny sap-sucking insects on young shoots, curled leaves, sticky honeydew and sooty mould.

When to look

Spring – summer

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Aphids are part of a healthy garden and food for predators; a healthy plant usually tolerates them.
  2. By handWipe or rinse off colonies and remove affected tips.
  3. BiologicalEncourage natural enemies (ladybirds, earwigs, birds).
More about this problem

What you will see

Distorted leaves and buds, small holes and spots.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Check shoots in spring.
  2. By hand once noticedCut back affected shoots.
Capsid bugspest

What you will see

Distorted leaves and buds, small holes and spots.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Check shoots in spring.
  2. By hand once noticedCut back affected shoots.
More about this problem

What you will see

Brown to black spots on leaves; leaves turn yellow early.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Remove old leaves before they infect the new season.
    • Do not wet the leaves when watering; keep the plant unstressed.
  2. By hand after the first spots; in autumnRemove affected leaves at once and destroy them; collect fallen leaves in autumn.
Leaf spotsdisease

What you will see

Brown to black spots on leaves; leaves turn yellow early.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Remove old leaves before they infect the new season.
    • Do not wet the leaves when watering; keep the plant unstressed.
  2. By hand after the first spots; in autumnRemove affected leaves at once and destroy them; collect fallen leaves in autumn.
More about this problem
Sources (7)

What to combine it with

Same needs, different flowering.

They share the same sun and soil and flower in other months — so the bed flowers for longer.

border forsythia

border forsythia

2.4–3 m
✓flowers March–April
✓taller — for the back
common sneezeweed

common sneezeweed

0.9–1.5 m
✓flowers August–October
✓lower — for the front
New England aster

New England aster

0.9–1.8 m
✓flowers August–October
✓lower — for the front

Frequently asked

Quick answers.

When does hollyhock flower?

In June–August; the flowers are white, yellow, orange, pink, red or purple.

When do I sow hollyhock?

In February–May, August–September (direct sowing, sow indoors).

Does hollyhock tolerate shade?

It tolerates part shade (3–6 hours of sun), but not full shade.

How much space does hollyhock need?

At maturity 0.3–1 m wide and 1.5–2.5 m tall; recommended spacing 60 cm.

Hollyhock rust — what can you do?

Check the plants regularly, especially in a wet summer. Remove and dispose of affected leaves; discard heavily infected plants.

Slugs and snails — what can you do?

Changing growing practices is the best strategy; protect young plants. Evening collection by torchlight in damp weather; barriers (copper tape, wool pellets).

Sources (7) Checked 23 October 2026

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