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Tree · Oleaceae family

Common olive

Olea europaea

Full sun in a garden 3–4.5 m × 2–3.5 m Flowers June–July to −12 °C
Flower colours Click a colour

In short a 10-second read

SunFull sun
in a garden after 10 years3–4.5 m
in the wild up to 9 m
spacing 4.6 m
FlowersJune–July
PlantingMarch–May
WinterCover with horticultural fleece

Where to plant and how much to water

Sun, soil and water.

It grows best in full sun, in dry to average soil.

Sun

Sun6 hours or more
Part shade3–6 hours
Shadeunder 3 h

Soil

tolerates any pH
acidicneutralalkaline
dry to averageclayloamysandy

Watering

drought tolerant once establisheddo not waterlogless when it rains

Frost

−12 °C
cover with horticultural fleecebring indoors for winter

How much space it takes

Mature size.

The mature plant next to a person (175 cm).

1 m2 m3 m4 m5 m6 m7 m8 m9 m4.5–9 mspread 1.5–7.6 m
4.5–9 m× spread 1.5–7.6 m

Plant 4.6 m apart.

Reaches maturity in about 20–50 years. The final size depends on the cultivar and the spot — we give the range from smallest to largest.

Calendar

Through the year.

Months for Central Europe. The line shows the current month.

The year at a glance

Flowers: JanuaryFlowers: FebruaryFlowers: MarchFlowers: AprilFlowers: MayFlowers: JuneFlowers: JulyFlowers: AugustFlowers: SeptemberFlowers: OctoberFlowers: NovemberFlowers: DecemberPlanting: JanuaryPlanting: FebruaryPlanting: MarchPlanting: AprilPlanting: MayPlanting: JunePlanting: JulyPlanting: AugustPlanting: SeptemberPlanting: OctoberPlanting: NovemberPlanting: DecemberFeeding: JanuaryFeeding: FebruaryFeeding: MarchFeeding: AprilFeeding: MayFeeding: JuneFeeding: JulyFeeding: AugustFeeding: SeptemberFeeding: OctoberFeeding: NovemberFeeding: DecemberJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
FlowersPlantingFeeding
Now, in October: nothing to do — the next job is in March.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Flowers

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

June–July · white

Planting

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

container plant: March–May

Feeding

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

March–May

Feeding

Nutrition.

Light
compost or mulch
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Pests and diseases

Common problems and what to do.

The most common problems in Central Europe. Protection is listed from the gentlest option.

What you will see

Waxy scales on stems and leaves, sooty mould on honeydew.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Healthy plants tolerate low numbers of scale insects.
  2. By handRemove adult scale insects and egg masses when visible.
  3. BiologicalSteinernema feltiae nematode against soft scales (use with care, it may also affect other animals); encourage ladybirds and parasitic wasps.
Scale insectspest

What you will see

Waxy scales on stems and leaves, sooty mould on honeydew.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Healthy plants tolerate low numbers of scale insects.
  2. By handRemove adult scale insects and egg masses when visible.
  3. BiologicalSteinernema feltiae nematode against soft scales (use with care, it may also affect other animals); encourage ladybirds and parasitic wasps.
More about this problem

What you will see

Yellowing and wilting leaves, dieback of shoots.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Do not carry soil on tools and shoes; control weeds.
  2. By handDig up a confirmed plant with its roots and destroy it; consider grassing over the area or a resistant replacement.
Verticillium wiltdisease

What you will see

Yellowing and wilting leaves, dieback of shoots.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Do not carry soil on tools and shoes; control weeds.
  2. By handDig up a confirmed plant with its roots and destroy it; consider grassing over the area or a resistant replacement.
More about this problem

What you will see

Rotting roots, white mycelium under the bark, black bootlaces (rhizomorphs) in the soil, sudden death; mushrooms in autumn.

When to look

Summer – autumn

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Choose species that honey fungus rarely attacks (e.g. Vaccinium).
  2. By handA deep barrier (45 cm) of rubber sheeting in the soil blocks the bootlaces; regular deep cultivation breaks them.
Honey fungusdisease · summer – autumn

What you will see

Rotting roots, white mycelium under the bark, black bootlaces (rhizomorphs) in the soil, sudden death; mushrooms in autumn.

When to look

Summer – autumn

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Choose species that honey fungus rarely attacks (e.g. Vaccinium).
  2. By handA deep barrier (45 cm) of rubber sheeting in the soil blocks the bootlaces; regular deep cultivation breaks them.
More about this problem
Sources (5)

Frequently asked

Quick answers.

When does common olive flower?

In June–July; the flowers are white.

Does common olive tolerate shade?

No, it needs full sun.

How much space does common olive need?

At maturity 1.5–7.6 m wide and 4.5–9 m tall; recommended spacing 4.6 m.

Scale insects — what can you do?

Healthy plants tolerate low numbers of scale insects. Remove adult scale insects and egg masses when visible.

Verticillium wilt — what can you do?

Do not carry soil on tools and shoes; control weeds. Dig up a confirmed plant with its roots and destroy it; consider grassing over the area or a resistant replacement.

Sources (9) Checked 24 October 2026

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