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Shrub · Buxaceae family

Common box

Buxus sempervirens

Full sun to shade in a garden 0.9–1.2 m × 0.8–1.2 m Flowers March–April to −21 °C
Flower colours Click a colour

In short a 10-second read

SunFull sun to shade
in a garden after 10 years0.9–1.2 m
in the wild up to 5 m
spacing 60 cm
FlowersMarch–April
PlantingMarch–April, September–October
WinterNo winter protection

Where to plant and how much to water

Sun, soil and water.

It grows best in full sun to shade, in average soil.

Sun

Sun6 hours or more
Part shade3–6 hours
Shadeunder 3 h

Soil

tolerates any pH
acidicneutralalkaline
averageloamyclayhumus-rich

Watering

drought tolerant once establishedless when it rains

Frost

−21 °C
no winter protectiongreen in winter too

How much space it takes

Mature size.

The mature plant next to a person (175 cm).

1 m2 m3 m4 m5 m1.5–5 mspread 1.5–4.5 m
1.5–5 m× spread 1.5–4.5 m

Plant 60 cm apart.

Reaches maturity in about 10–20 years. The final size depends on the cultivar and the spot — we give the range from smallest to largest.

Calendar

Through the year.

Months for Central Europe. The line shows the current month.

The year at a glance

Flowers: JanuaryFlowers: FebruaryFlowers: MarchFlowers: AprilFlowers: MayFlowers: JuneFlowers: JulyFlowers: AugustFlowers: SeptemberFlowers: OctoberFlowers: NovemberFlowers: DecemberPlanting: JanuaryPlanting: FebruaryPlanting: MarchPlanting: AprilPlanting: MayPlanting: JunePlanting: JulyPlanting: AugustPlanting: SeptemberPlanting: OctoberPlanting: NovemberPlanting: DecemberFeeding: JanuaryFeeding: FebruaryFeeding: MarchFeeding: AprilFeeding: MayFeeding: JuneFeeding: JulyFeeding: AugustFeeding: SeptemberFeeding: OctoberFeeding: NovemberFeeding: DecemberJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
FlowersPlantingFeeding
Now, in October: a good time for planting (container plant).
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Flowers

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

March–April · green or yellow

Planting

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

container plant: March–April, September–October

Feeding

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

May–June

What to plant now (October) full list in October (244) →

Feeding

Nutrition.

Horn meal

up to 40 g/m² a year, if the soil needs it · May–June

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Pests and diseases

Common problems and what to do.

The most common problems in Central Europe. Protection is listed from the gentlest option.

Box blight

Calonectria pseudonaviculata
disease

What you will see

Brown leaves drop, leaving bare patches; black streaks and dieback on young shoots; white spores on the underside of leaves.

When to look

All year, mainly in rainy periods

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • tool hygiene
    • more resistant cultivars
    • open spacing, good air circulation
  2. By hand when presentcut out affected parts, dispose of the waste (not in compost)
  3. Chemical — only when nothing else helps as per the labelOnly if the damage is severe: a product authorised in your country against: box blight (Calonectria).
Box blightdisease · all year, mainly in rainy periods

What you will see

Brown leaves drop, leaving bare patches; black streaks and dieback on young shoots; white spores on the underside of leaves.

When to look

All year, mainly in rainy periods

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • tool hygiene
    • more resistant cultivars
    • open spacing, good air circulation
  2. By hand when presentcut out affected parts, dispose of the waste (not in compost)
  3. Chemical — only when nothing else helps as per the labelOnly if the damage is severe: a product authorised in your country against: box blight (Calonectria).

Box tree caterpillar

pest

What you will see

Webbing, green caterpillars with black dots, uneven bite marks in leaves; can defoliate completely.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • regular checks from spring
  2. By hand when presentpick off caterpillars, remove webbing
  3. Biological on young caterpillarsBacillus thuringiensis (active substance)
  4. Chemical — only when nothing else helps as per the labelOnly if the damage is severe: a product authorised in your country against: box tree moth caterpillars.
Box tree caterpillarpest

What you will see

Webbing, green caterpillars with black dots, uneven bite marks in leaves; can defoliate completely.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • regular checks from spring
  2. By hand when presentpick off caterpillars, remove webbing
  3. Biological on young caterpillarsBacillus thuringiensis (active substance)
  4. Chemical — only when nothing else helps as per the labelOnly if the damage is severe: a product authorised in your country against: box tree moth caterpillars.

Volutella blight of box

Pseudonectria buxi
disease

What you will see

Similar dieback of leaves and shoots, without black streaks; pink spores.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • good husbandry and hygiene
  2. By hand when presentcut out affected parts
Volutella blight of boxdisease

What you will see

Similar dieback of leaves and shoots, without black streaks; pink spores.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • good husbandry and hygiene
  2. By hand when presentcut out affected parts
Sources (2)

What to combine it with

Same needs, different flowering.

They share the same sun and soil and flower in other months — so the bed flowers for longer.

butterfly bush

butterfly bush

1.8–4 m
✓flowers June–September
✓lower — for the front
large-flowered clematis

large-flowered clematis

1.5–4 m
✓flowers May–September
✓lower — for the front
Italian clematis

Italian clematis

3–4.5 m
✓flowers June–September
✓lower — for the front

Frequently asked

Quick answers.

When does common box flower?

In March–April; the flowers are green or yellow.

Does common box tolerate shade?

Yes, it tolerates full shade.

How much space does common box need?

At maturity 1.5–4.5 m wide and 1.5–5 m tall; recommended spacing 60 cm.

Box blight — what can you do?

tool hygiene cut out affected parts, dispose of the waste (not in compost)

Box tree caterpillar — what can you do?

regular checks from spring pick off caterpillars, remove webbing

Sources (12) Checked 24 October 2026

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