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Choose your climateBased on winter hardiness only.

Tree · Rosaceae family

Common hawthorn

Crataegus monogyna

Full sun in a garden ~13 ft 1½ in × ~9 ft 10⅛ in Flowers May to −84 °F
Flower colors Click a color

In short a 10-second read

SunFull sun
in a garden after 10 years~13 ft 1½ in
in the wild up to 29 ft 6⅜ in
spacing 16 ft 4⅞ in
FlowersMay
PlantingMarch–April, October–November
WinterNo winter protection

Where to plant and how much to water

Sun, soil and water.

It grows best in full sun, in dry to average soil.

Sun

Sun6 hours or more
Part shade3–6 hours
Shadeunder 3 h

Soil

tolerates any pH
acidicneutralalkaline
dry to averageloamysandy

Watering

regularly until establishedat the base, not on the leavesless when it rains

Frost

−84 °F
no winter protectionleafless in winter

How much space it takes

Mature size.

The mature plant next to a person (69 in).

3 ft 3⅜ in6 ft 6¾ in9 ft 10⅛ in13 ft 1½ in16 ft 4⅞ in19 ft 8¼ in22 ft 11⅝ in26 ft 3 in29 ft 6⅜ in13 ft 1½ in–29 ft 6⅜ inspread 9 ft 10⅛ in–19 ft 8¼ in
13 ft 1½ in–29 ft 6⅜ in× spread 9 ft 10⅛ in–19 ft 8¼ in

Plant 16 ft 4⅞ in apart.

Reaches maturity in about 10–20 years. The final size depends on the cultivar and the spot — we give the range from smallest to largest.

Calendar

Through the year.

Typical for a temperate climate (four seasons). The line shows the current month.

The year at a glance

Flowers: JanuaryFlowers: FebruaryFlowers: MarchFlowers: AprilFlowers: MayFlowers: JuneFlowers: JulyFlowers: AugustFlowers: SeptemberFlowers: OctoberFlowers: NovemberFlowers: DecemberPlanting: JanuaryPlanting: FebruaryPlanting: MarchPlanting: AprilPlanting: MayPlanting: JunePlanting: JulyPlanting: AugustPlanting: SeptemberPlanting: OctoberPlanting: NovemberPlanting: DecemberFeeding: JanuaryFeeding: FebruaryFeeding: MarchFeeding: AprilFeeding: MayFeeding: JuneFeeding: JulyFeeding: AugustFeeding: SeptemberFeeding: OctoberFeeding: NovemberFeeding: DecemberJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
FlowersPlantingFeeding
Now, in October: a good time for planting (container plant, bare-root).
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Flowers

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

May · white

Planting

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

container plant: March–April, October–November; bare-root: March, October–November

Feeding

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

May–June

What to plant now (October) full list in October (243) →

Feeding

Nutrition.

Horn meal

up to 0.18 oz/sq ft a year, if the soil needs it · May–June

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Pests and diseases

Common problems and what to do.

The most common problems in Central Europe. Protection is listed from the gentlest option.

High riskMedium riskLow riskRisk for this plant according to the source · no label = no documented level

Fire blight

Erwinia amylovora
Medium riskdiseasesource covers the whole genus
More about this problem

What you will see

Flowers wilt and die during flowering, shoots bend over like a shepherd's crook. Under the bark the wood is reddish-brown, with a slimy ooze in damp weather. A quarantine pest: report it to your national plant-protection authority.

The source says: it is among the most commonly damaged plants.

When to look

Spring – fall

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Do not overdo nitrogen.
    • Remove late secondary blossom.
    • Disinfect tools between cuts.
  2. By hand from 2 weeks after flowering until the end of summerCut affected shoots 11¾ in (larger branches 23½ in) below the visible damage, into healthy wood; disinfect tools.
Fire blightdisease · spring – fallMedium risk

What you will see

Flowers wilt and die during flowering, shoots bend over like a shepherd's crook. Under the bark the wood is reddish-brown, with a slimy ooze in damp weather. A quarantine pest: report it to your national plant-protection authority.

The source says: it is among the most commonly damaged plants.

When to look

Spring – fall

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Do not overdo nitrogen.
    • Remove late secondary blossom.
    • Disinfect tools between cuts.
  2. By hand from 2 weeks after flowering until the end of summerCut affected shoots 11¾ in (larger branches 23½ in) below the visible damage, into healthy wood; disinfect tools.
More about this problem

Entomosporium leaf spot

Medium riskdiseasesource covers the whole genus
More about this problem

What you will see

Spots on hawthorn leaves.

The source says: it belongs to the susceptible genera.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Rake up fallen leaves.
  2. By hand fallRemove fallen leaves.
Entomosporium leaf spotdiseaseMedium risk

What you will see

Spots on hawthorn leaves.

The source says: it belongs to the susceptible genera.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Rake up fallen leaves.
  2. By hand fallRemove fallen leaves.
More about this problem

Hawthorn rust

diseasesource covers the whole genus

What you will see

Yellow-orange spots on leaves with black dots.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Rake up the leaves.
  2. By hand fallRemove fallen leaves.
Hawthorn rustdisease

What you will see

Yellow-orange spots on leaves with black dots.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Rake up the leaves.
  2. By hand fallRemove fallen leaves.
Honey fungus

Honey fungus

Armillaria
diseasesource covers the whole genus
More about this problem

What you will see

Dieback of branches or the whole plant, smaller pale leaves. Under the bark at the root collar, white spongy tissue with a mushroom smell. Honey-coloured clusters of toadstools in fall.

When to look

Summer – fall

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Choose the least susceptible species; risky ground after old trees have been felled.
  2. By hand all yearOnce confirmed, dig up and destroy affected roots and stumps; sink a 17¾ in deep plastic barrier into the soil. There is no chemical control for gardeners.
Honey fungusdisease · summer – fall

What you will see

Dieback of branches or the whole plant, smaller pale leaves. Under the bark at the root collar, white spongy tissue with a mushroom smell. Honey-coloured clusters of toadstools in fall.

When to look

Summer – fall

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Choose the least susceptible species; risky ground after old trees have been felled.
  2. By hand all yearOnce confirmed, dig up and destroy affected roots and stumps; sink a 17¾ in deep plastic barrier into the soil. There is no chemical control for gardeners.
More about this problem
Sources (7)

Frequently asked

Quick answers.

When does common hawthorn flower?

In May; the flowers are white.

Does common hawthorn tolerate shade?

No, it needs full sun.

How much space does common hawthorn need?

At maturity 9 ft 10⅛ in–19 ft 8¼ in wide and 13 ft 1½ in–29 ft 6⅜ in tall; recommended spacing 16 ft 4⅞ in.

Fire blight — what can you do?

Do not overdo nitrogen. Cut affected shoots 11¾ in (larger branches 23½ in) below the visible damage, into healthy wood; disinfect tools.

Hawthorn rust — what can you do?

Rake up the leaves. Remove fallen leaves.

Sources (21) Checked 24 October 2026

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