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Annual · Geraniaceae family

Zonal geranium

Pelargonium × hortorum

Full sun to part shade 0.3–0.9 m × 0.3–0.9 m Flowers May–October Moderate care
Flower colours Click a colour

In short a 10-second read

SunFull sun to part shade
Size0.3–0.9 m
spacing 35 cm
FlowersMay–October
PlantingMay
WinterBring indoors for winter

Where to plant and how much to water

Sun, soil and water.

It grows best in full sun to part shade, in average soil.

Sun

Sun6 hours or more
Part shade3–6 hours
Shadeunder 3 h

Soil

averageloamyhumus-rich

Watering

let the surface dry between wateringsless when it rains

Winter

bring indoors for winter

How much space it takes

Mature size.

The mature plant next to a person (175 cm).

50 cm1 m1.5 m0.3–0.9 mspread 0.3–0.9 m
0.3–0.9 m× spread 0.3–0.9 m

Plant 35 cm apart.

The final size depends on the cultivar and the spot — we give the range from smallest to largest.

Calendar

Through the year.

Months for Central Europe. The line shows the current month.

The year at a glance

Flowers: JanuaryFlowers: FebruaryFlowers: MarchFlowers: AprilFlowers: MayFlowers: JuneFlowers: JulyFlowers: AugustFlowers: SeptemberFlowers: OctoberFlowers: NovemberFlowers: DecemberSowing: JanuarySowing: FebruarySowing: MarchSowing: AprilSowing: MaySowing: JuneSowing: JulySowing: AugustSowing: SeptemberSowing: OctoberSowing: NovemberSowing: DecemberPlanting: JanuaryPlanting: FebruaryPlanting: MarchPlanting: AprilPlanting: MayPlanting: JunePlanting: JulyPlanting: AugustPlanting: SeptemberPlanting: OctoberPlanting: NovemberPlanting: DecemberFeeding: JanuaryFeeding: FebruaryFeeding: MarchFeeding: AprilFeeding: MayFeeding: JuneFeeding: JulyFeeding: AugustFeeding: SeptemberFeeding: OctoberFeeding: NovemberFeeding: DecemberCare: JanuaryCare: FebruaryCare: MarchCare: AprilCare: MayCare: JuneCare: JulyCare: AugustCare: SeptemberCare: OctoberCare: NovemberCare: DecemberJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
FlowersSowingPlantingFeedingCare
Now, in October: nothing to do — the next job is in January. · watch for vine weevil · watch for grey mould.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Flowers

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

May–October · red, purple, pink, orange or white

Sowing

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

sow indoors: January–February

Planting

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

transplant outdoors: May

Feeding

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

April–May

Care

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

pinch out the tips (March–June)

Feeding

Nutrition.

Horn meal

up to 90 g/m² a year, if the soil needs it · April–May

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Pests and diseases

Common problems and what to do.

The most common problems in Central Europe. Protection is listed from the gentlest option.

High riskMedium riskLow riskRisk for this plant according to the source · no label = no documented level

Grey mould

Botrytis cinerea
High riskdiseasesource covers the whole genus
More about this problem

What you will see

Fuzzy grey-brown mould on dying buds, leaves, flowers and fruit.

The source says: under glass it is among the crops highly susceptible to grey mould.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
May–October

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Reduce humidity, improve airflow and do not plant too densely.
  2. By handQuickly remove dead and affected parts (carefully, as spores spread easily), ideally into a bag.
Grey moulddisease · May–OctoberHigh risk

What you will see

Fuzzy grey-brown mould on dying buds, leaves, flowers and fruit.

The source says: under glass it is among the crops highly susceptible to grey mould.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
May–October

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Reduce humidity, improve airflow and do not plant too densely.
  2. By handQuickly remove dead and affected parts (carefully, as spores spread easily), ideally into a bag.
More about this problem

Pelargonium rust

disease

What you will see

Small yellow spots and dark brown pustules on the leaves of zonal pelargoniums.

When to look

Summer

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Check new plants; the fungus can be in a leaf for about 2 weeks without symptoms, so isolate new plants for at least 2 weeks.
  2. By handRemove affected leaves and plants.
Pelargonium rustdisease · summer

What you will see

Small yellow spots and dark brown pustules on the leaves of zonal pelargoniums.

When to look

Summer

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Check new plants; the fungus can be in a leaf for about 2 weeks without symptoms, so isolate new plants for at least 2 weeks.
  2. By handRemove affected leaves and plants.

What you will see

Silvery speckling of leaves and flowers.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
May–September

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Outdoors, plants usually survive even with silvery speckling; encourage natural enemies.
  2. BiologicalPredatory bug Orius laevigatus and mites (mainly in the greenhouse).
Thripspest · May–September

What you will see

Silvery speckling of leaves and flowers.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
May–September

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Outdoors, plants usually survive even with silvery speckling; encourage natural enemies.
  2. BiologicalPredatory bug Orius laevigatus and mites (mainly in the greenhouse).
More about this problem
Vine weevil

Vine weevil

Otiorhynchus sulcatus
pest
More about this problem

What you will see

Adults notch the leaf edges; white larvae eat the roots, mainly in containers, and the plant wilts.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
September–October

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Check container plants often; look for notches on leaves.
  2. By handCollect adults in the evening by torchlight; when repotting, remove larvae from the roots.
  3. BiologicalBiological control (nematodes) — suitable for strawberries in containers.
Vine weevilpest · September–October

What you will see

Adults notch the leaf edges; white larvae eat the roots, mainly in containers, and the plant wilts.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
September–October

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Check container plants often; look for notches on leaves.
  2. By handCollect adults in the evening by torchlight; when repotting, remove larvae from the roots.
  3. BiologicalBiological control (nematodes) — suitable for strawberries in containers.
More about this problem

Glasshouse whitefly

Trialeurodes vaporariorum
pest
More about this problem

What you will see

Tiny white winged insects, sticky honeydew and sooty mould.

When to look

Outdoors mainly in warm summers, under glass throughout the growing season

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Check/isolate new plants; remove unneeded host plants; ventilate well.
  2. By handCheck regularly and remove affected parts.
Glasshouse whiteflypest · outdoors mainly in warm summers, under glass throughout the growing season

What you will see

Tiny white winged insects, sticky honeydew and sooty mould.

When to look

Outdoors mainly in warm summers, under glass throughout the growing season

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Check/isolate new plants; remove unneeded host plants; ventilate well.
  2. By handCheck regularly and remove affected parts.
More about this problem
Sources (7)

What to combine it with

Same needs, different flowering.

They share the same sun and soil and flower in other months — so the bed flowers for longer.

wild daffodil

wild daffodil

0.3–0.46 m
✓flowers March–April
✓lower — for the front
winter heath

winter heath

0.1–0.5 m
✓flowers January–April
✓lower — for the front
common snowdrop

common snowdrop

0.1–0.25 m
✓flowers February–March
✓lower — for the front

Frequently asked

Quick answers.

When does Zonal geranium flower?

In May–October; the flowers are red, purple, pink, orange or white.

When do I sow Zonal geranium?

In January–February (sow indoors).

Does Zonal geranium tolerate shade?

It tolerates part shade (3–6 hours of sun), but not full shade.

How much space does Zonal geranium need?

At maturity 0.3–0.9 m wide and 0.3–0.9 m tall; recommended spacing 35 cm.

Pelargonium rust — what can you do?

Check new plants; the fungus can be in a leaf for about 2 weeks without symptoms, so isolate new plants for at least 2 weeks. Remove affected leaves and plants.

Thrips — what can you do?

Outdoors, plants usually survive even with silvery speckling; encourage natural enemies. Predatory bug Orius laevigatus and mites (mainly in the greenhouse).

Sources (15) Checked 28 September 2026

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