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Vegetable · Brassicaceae family

Turnip

Brassica rapa subsp. rapa

Full sun 0.3–0.45 m × 0.15–0.3 m Harvest May–December Moderate care

In short a 10-second read

SunFull sun
Size0.3–0.45 m
spacing 20 cm
Water~23 l/m²
a week in a dry summer
SowingMarch–August
HarvestMay–December
Care levelModerate care

Where to plant and how much to water

Sun, soil and water.

It grows best in full sun, in average to moist soil.

Sun

Sun6 hours or more
Part shade3–6 hours
Shadeunder 3 h

Soil

tolerates any pH
acidicneutralalkaline
average to moisthumus-richloamy

Watering

Turnip — Watering
~23 l/m²a week in a dry summer
only in dry spellsless when it rains

How much space it takes

Mature size.

The mature plant next to a person (175 cm).

50 cm1 m1.5 m0.3–0.45 mspread 0.15–0.3 m
0.3–0.45 m× spread 0.15–0.3 m

Plant 20 cm apart.

How to plant: in rows, 15 cm in the row, 25 cm between rows

The final size depends on the cultivar and the spot — we give the range from smallest to largest.

Calendar

Through the year.

Months for Central Europe. The line shows the current month.

The year at a glance

Sowing: JanuarySowing: FebruarySowing: MarchSowing: AprilSowing: MaySowing: JuneSowing: JulySowing: AugustSowing: SeptemberSowing: OctoberSowing: NovemberSowing: DecemberHarvest: JanuaryHarvest: FebruaryHarvest: MarchHarvest: AprilHarvest: MayHarvest: JuneHarvest: JulyHarvest: AugustHarvest: SeptemberHarvest: OctoberHarvest: NovemberHarvest: DecemberCheck: JanuaryCheck: FebruaryCheck: MarchCheck: AprilCheck: MayCheck: JuneCheck: JulyCheck: AugustCheck: SeptemberCheck: OctoberCheck: NovemberCheck: DecemberProtection: JanuaryProtection: FebruaryProtection: MarchProtection: AprilProtection: MayProtection: JuneProtection: JulyProtection: AugustProtection: SeptemberProtection: OctoberProtection: NovemberProtection: DecemberJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
SowingHarvestCheckProtection
Now, in October: time to harvest. · Check – Regularly check the undersides of brassica leaves, pick off eggs and caterpillars; consider mesh. · watch for cabbage caterpillars (cabbage white butterflies, cabbage moth, diamond-back moth).
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Sowing

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

direct sowing: March–August

Harvest

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

May–December

Check

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

May–October: Regularly check the undersides of brassica leaves, pick off eggs and caterpillars; consider mesh.

Protection

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

April–September (protection): Cover the sown rows with fine insect mesh or fleece and keep it in place all season.

Feeding

Nutrition.

Turnip — Feeding
Light
balanced fertiliser

Pests and diseases

Common problems and what to do.

The most common problems in Central Europe. Protection is listed from the gentlest option.

High riskMedium riskLow riskRisk for this plant according to the source · no label = no documented level
Club root

Club root

Plasmodiophora brassicae
High riskdisease
More about this problem

What you will see

Thickened and distorted roots; plants lag behind and wilt.

The source says: in brassicas it causes swollen roots and severely stunted growth.

When to look

Midsummer to late autumn

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Buy plants only from a source guaranteed free of clubroot; be careful even with plants from friends.
    • Do not carry soil on tools, wheelbarrows and footwear.
    • On acid soil, lime (500 g/m², then 270 g/m² in following years) and improve drainage; this reduces the disease but does not rule it out.
    • Grow young plants on for longer in healthy soil (pots at least 9 cm) and plant them out larger; consider varieties with partial resistance.
  2. By hand as soon as it appearsDig up affected plants, roots included, and dispose of them (do not compost). There is no chemical product for gardeners against clubroot.
Club rootdisease · midsummer to late autumnHigh risk

What you will see

Thickened and distorted roots; plants lag behind and wilt.

The source says: in brassicas it causes swollen roots and severely stunted growth.

When to look

Midsummer to late autumn

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Buy plants only from a source guaranteed free of clubroot; be careful even with plants from friends.
    • Do not carry soil on tools, wheelbarrows and footwear.
    • On acid soil, lime (500 g/m², then 270 g/m² in following years) and improve drainage; this reduces the disease but does not rule it out.
    • Grow young plants on for longer in healthy soil (pots at least 9 cm) and plant them out larger; consider varieties with partial resistance.
  2. By hand as soon as it appearsDig up affected plants, roots included, and dispose of them (do not compost). There is no chemical product for gardeners against clubroot.
More about this problem

What you will see

Plants grow slowly and wilt because the larvae eat the roots; they make tunnels in the turnip root.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
April–September

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Cover plants with fine mesh or fleece and rotate crops (otherwise flies can emerge from pupae in the soil under the mesh).
  2. By hand ongoingEncourage ground beetles and rove beetles, which eat the larvae.
  3. Biological when eggs are laid and larvae hatchA mixture of pathogenic nematodes watered into the soil against the larvae (it also works on other insects in the soil).
Cabbage root flypest · April–September

What you will see

Plants grow slowly and wilt because the larvae eat the roots; they make tunnels in the turnip root.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
April–September

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Cover plants with fine mesh or fleece and rotate crops (otherwise flies can emerge from pupae in the soil under the mesh).
  2. By hand ongoingEncourage ground beetles and rove beetles, which eat the larvae.
  3. Biological when eggs are laid and larvae hatchA mixture of pathogenic nematodes watered into the soil against the larvae (it also works on other insects in the soil).
More about this problem

What you will see

Small round holes in leaves, mainly on seedlings; tiny beetles jump away when you touch the plant.

When to look

Spring and summer

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • On large brassicas whose outer leaves are discarded, tolerate them.
  2. By hand from sowingCover brassica seedlings with fine mesh.
  3. Chemical — only when nothing else helps according to the product labelLast resort only: a product authorised in your country against flea beetles. Try non-chemical methods first.
Flea beetles (Phyllotreta, Psylliodes)pest · spring and summer

What you will see

Small round holes in leaves, mainly on seedlings; tiny beetles jump away when you touch the plant.

When to look

Spring and summer

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • On large brassicas whose outer leaves are discarded, tolerate them.
  2. By hand from sowingCover brassica seedlings with fine mesh.
  3. Chemical — only when nothing else helps according to the product labelLast resort only: a product authorised in your country against flea beetles. Try non-chemical methods first.
More about this problem

What you will see

Holes in leaves and caterpillars on them.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
May–October

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Cover brassicas with mesh that does not touch the leaves (otherwise butterflies lay eggs through the mesh).
    • Tolerate some caterpillars: they are food for birds and parasitic wasps.
  2. By hand every week from springRegularly pick pale yellow butterfly eggs, round white moth eggs and caterpillars off the leaves.
  3. Biological when caterpillars are presentA mixture of pathogenic nematodes sprayed onto the leaves, ideally in cool, damp weather.
  4. Chemical — only when nothing else helps according to the product labelLast resort only: a product authorised in your country against caterpillars on brassicas. Try non-chemical methods first.
Cabbage caterpillars (cabbage white butterflies, cabbage moth, diamond-back moth)pest · May–October

What you will see

Holes in leaves and caterpillars on them.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
May–October

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Cover brassicas with mesh that does not touch the leaves (otherwise butterflies lay eggs through the mesh).
    • Tolerate some caterpillars: they are food for birds and parasitic wasps.
  2. By hand every week from springRegularly pick pale yellow butterfly eggs, round white moth eggs and caterpillars off the leaves.
  3. Biological when caterpillars are presentA mixture of pathogenic nematodes sprayed onto the leaves, ideally in cool, damp weather.
  4. Chemical — only when nothing else helps according to the product labelLast resort only: a product authorised in your country against caterpillars on brassicas. Try non-chemical methods first.
More about this problem

What you will see

White powdery coating on leaves, stems and flowers.

When to look

From spring, especially later in the season

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Water regularly and do not let plants suffer from drought; mulch (leave the area by the stem clear).
    • Improve airflow around plants.
    • Grow varieties with partial resistance, if available.
  2. By hand as soon as it appearsRemove affected leaves early; dispose of fallen affected leaves in autumn.
Powdery mildewsdisease · from spring, especially later in the season

What you will see

White powdery coating on leaves, stems and flowers.

When to look

From spring, especially later in the season

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Water regularly and do not let plants suffer from drought; mulch (leave the area by the stem clear).
    • Improve airflow around plants.
    • Grow varieties with partial resistance, if available.
  2. By hand as soon as it appearsRemove affected leaves early; dispose of fallen affected leaves in autumn.
More about this problem
Sources (6)

Bed neighbours

Good and bad neighbours.

Each neighbour shows how we know it.

✓Good neighbours

Frequently asked

Quick answers.

When do I sow turnip?

In March–August (direct sowing).

When is turnip harvested?

In May–December.

Does turnip tolerate shade?

No, it needs full sun.

How much space does turnip need?

At maturity 0.15–0.3 m wide and 0.3–0.45 m tall; recommended spacing 20 cm.

Club root — what can you do?

Buy plants only from a source guaranteed free of clubroot; be careful even with plants from friends. Dig up affected plants, roots included, and dispose of them (do not compost). There is no chemical product for gardeners against clubroot.

Cabbage root fly — what can you do?

Cover plants with fine mesh or fleece and rotate crops (otherwise flies can emerge from pupae in the soil under the mesh). Encourage ground beetles and rove beetles, which eat the larvae.

Sources (7) Checked 27 October 2026

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Have a look at these too.

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0.3–0.6 m × 0.2–0.3 m
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cabbage

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