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Vegetable · Solanaceae family

Potato

Solanum tuberosum

Full sun 0.3–0.6 m × 0.3–0.45 m Harvest June–October Moderate care

In short a 10-second read

SunFull sun
Size0.3–0.6 m
spacing 35 cm
Water~10–14 l/m²
a week in a dry summer
PlantingMarch–May
HarvestJune–October
Care levelModerate care

Where to plant and how much to water

Sun, soil and water.

It grows best in full sun, in average to moist soil.

Sun

Sun6 hours or more
Part shade3–6 hours
Shadeunder 3 h

Soil

acidic to neutral soil
acidicneutralalkaline
average to moisthumus-richsandy

Watering

Potato — Watering
~10–14 l/m²a week in a dry summer
only in dry spellsless when it rains

How much space it takes

Mature size.

The mature plant next to a person (175 cm).

50 cm1 m1.5 m0.3–0.6 mspread 0.3–0.45 m
0.3–0.6 m× spread 0.3–0.45 m

Plant 35 cm apart.

How to plant: in rows, 30 cm in the row, 60 cm between rows

The final size depends on the cultivar and the spot — we give the range from smallest to largest.

Calendar

Through the year.

Months for Central Europe. The line shows the current month.

The year at a glance

Planting: JanuaryPlanting: FebruaryPlanting: MarchPlanting: AprilPlanting: MayPlanting: JunePlanting: JulyPlanting: AugustPlanting: SeptemberPlanting: OctoberPlanting: NovemberPlanting: DecemberFeeding: JanuaryFeeding: FebruaryFeeding: MarchFeeding: AprilFeeding: MayFeeding: JuneFeeding: JulyFeeding: AugustFeeding: SeptemberFeeding: OctoberFeeding: NovemberFeeding: DecemberHarvest: JanuaryHarvest: FebruaryHarvest: MarchHarvest: AprilHarvest: MayHarvest: JuneHarvest: JulyHarvest: AugustHarvest: SeptemberHarvest: OctoberHarvest: NovemberHarvest: DecemberJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
PlantingFeedingHarvest
Now, in October: time to harvest. · watch for wireworms.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Planting

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

tuber / set: March–May

Feeding

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

April–May

Harvest

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

June–October

Feeding

Nutrition.

Potato — Feeding
Horn meal

up to 150 g/m² · in 2 doses: at planting and 3–4 weeks later · April–May

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Pests and diseases

Common problems and what to do.

The most common problems in Central Europe. Protection is listed from the gentlest option.

High riskMedium riskLow riskRisk for this plant according to the source · no label = no documented level
Potato blight

Potato blight

Phytophthora infestans
High riskdisease

What you will see

Watery brown, collapsing leaves with a fine white growth on the undersides; tubers rot.

The source says: it is the most serious disease of potatoes.

When to look

From early summer

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Earth up potatoes well; the tubers are then protected from spores washed into the soil.
    • Early varieties often escape the disease, but they are not immune.
    • Rotate crops (at least 4 years) and do not grow tomatoes in that soil during that time either — they suffer from the same blight.
  2. By hand when symptoms appearOnce about 25% of the leaves are affected or the stems show lesions, cut the haulm off 5 cm above the ground and lift the tubers two weeks later. Dispose of the debris; do not compost it.
Potato blightdisease · from early summerHigh risk

What you will see

Watery brown, collapsing leaves with a fine white growth on the undersides; tubers rot.

The source says: it is the most serious disease of potatoes.

When to look

From early summer

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Earth up potatoes well; the tubers are then protected from spores washed into the soil.
    • Early varieties often escape the disease, but they are not immune.
    • Rotate crops (at least 4 years) and do not grow tomatoes in that soil during that time either — they suffer from the same blight.
  2. By hand when symptoms appearOnce about 25% of the leaves are affected or the stems show lesions, cut the haulm off 5 cm above the ground and lift the tubers two weeks later. Dispose of the debris; do not compost it.
Potato blackleg

Potato blackleg

Pectobacterium atrosepticum
Medium riskdisease

What you will see

Yellowing stems, stunted growth and black rot at the base of the stem.

The source says: it is a common bacterial disease of potatoes.

When to look

From June

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Most important: remove and dispose of affected plants immediately.
    • Use certified seed potatoes and store potatoes in dry conditions.
    • Improve drainage in wet parts of the bed; rotate crops.
    • Try more resistant varieties (e.g. 'Charlotte', 'Pixie', 'Saxon', 'Vales Sovereign').
  2. By hand as soon as it appearsDig up the diseased plant straight away and dispose of it. There are no chemical products for gardeners.
Potato blacklegdisease · from JuneMedium risk

What you will see

Yellowing stems, stunted growth and black rot at the base of the stem.

The source says: it is a common bacterial disease of potatoes.

When to look

From June

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Most important: remove and dispose of affected plants immediately.
    • Use certified seed potatoes and store potatoes in dry conditions.
    • Improve drainage in wet parts of the bed; rotate crops.
    • Try more resistant varieties (e.g. 'Charlotte', 'Pixie', 'Saxon', 'Vales Sovereign').
  2. By hand as soon as it appearsDig up the diseased plant straight away and dispose of it. There are no chemical products for gardeners.
Potato cyst nematodes

Potato cyst nematodes

pest

What you will see

Damaged root system, weak growth and low yield.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Do not grow potatoes and tomatoes repeatedly in one place: leave a gap of at least 5–6 years on affected soil.
    • Harvest in good time, do not let plants grow for long; weed out volunteer potatoes.
    • Try varieties with resistance to cyst nematodes (e.g. 'Cara', 'Maris Piper').
  2. By hand ongoingLong crop rotation and removal of volunteer potatoes.
Potato cyst nematodespest

What you will see

Damaged root system, weak growth and low yield.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Do not grow potatoes and tomatoes repeatedly in one place: leave a gap of at least 5–6 years on affected soil.
    • Harvest in good time, do not let plants grow for long; weed out volunteer potatoes.
    • Try varieties with resistance to cyst nematodes (e.g. 'Cara', 'Maris Piper').
  2. By hand ongoingLong crop rotation and removal of volunteer potatoes.
Wireworms

Wireworms

pest

What you will see

Wiry larvae of click beetles eat holes in roots and tubers.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
March–October

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Tolerate a few wireworms; in grass and turf they are usually harmless.
    • The population usually falls within two years after turf is dug up.
  2. By hand when digging overCultivating the soil exposes the larvae to birds.
  3. Biological April to SeptemberNematodes against wireworms, watered into moist soil at 12–20 °C (April to September).
Wirewormspest · March–October

What you will see

Wiry larvae of click beetles eat holes in roots and tubers.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
March–October

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Tolerate a few wireworms; in grass and turf they are usually harmless.
    • The population usually falls within two years after turf is dug up.
  2. By hand when digging overCultivating the soil exposes the larvae to birds.
  3. Biological April to SeptemberNematodes against wireworms, watered into moist soil at 12–20 °C (April to September).
Colorado potato beetle

Colorado potato beetle

Leptinotarsa decemlineata
pest

What you will see

Larvae (mainly the last two stages) eat the leaves and can strip plants down to the stems; damage is high in warm, dry weather.

When to look

Beetles emerge from the soil when potatoes come up (soil from about 15 °C); larvae hatch 10–14 days after egg-laying

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Regularly check the undersides of leaves; watch for the first beetles and larvae.
    • Act only when the threshold is exceeded (15 young larvae per plant in field growing).
  2. Gentle spray at the first larvaeNeem extract (azadirachtin) is weaker, so it is applied earlier, ideally at the first larvae (L1).
  3. Chemical — only when nothing else helps when most larvae are at stage L1–L2A product authorised in your country against Colorado beetle; leave out pyrethroids entirely (resistance has been reported in Bavaria) and rotate groups of active substances.
Colorado potato beetlepest · beetles emerge from the soil when potatoes come up (soil from about 15 °C); larvae hatch 10–14 days after egg-laying

What you will see

Larvae (mainly the last two stages) eat the leaves and can strip plants down to the stems; damage is high in warm, dry weather.

When to look

Beetles emerge from the soil when potatoes come up (soil from about 15 °C); larvae hatch 10–14 days after egg-laying

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Regularly check the undersides of leaves; watch for the first beetles and larvae.
    • Act only when the threshold is exceeded (15 young larvae per plant in field growing).
  2. Gentle spray at the first larvaeNeem extract (azadirachtin) is weaker, so it is applied earlier, ideally at the first larvae (L1).
  3. Chemical — only when nothing else helps when most larvae are at stage L1–L2A product authorised in your country against Colorado beetle; leave out pyrethroids entirely (resistance has been reported in Bavaria) and rotate groups of active substances.
Sources (9)

Bed neighbours

Good and bad neighbours.

Each neighbour shows how we know it.

✓Good neighbours

✕Bad neighbours

Frequently asked

Quick answers.

When is potato harvested?

In June–October.

Does potato tolerate shade?

No, it needs full sun.

How much space does potato need?

At maturity 0.3–0.45 m wide and 0.3–0.6 m tall; recommended spacing 35 cm.

Potato blight — what can you do?

Earth up potatoes well; the tubers are then protected from spores washed into the soil. Once about 25% of the leaves are affected or the stems show lesions, cut the haulm off 5 cm above the ground and lift the tubers two weeks later. Dispose of the debris; do not compost it.

Potato blackleg — what can you do?

Most important: remove and dispose of affected plants immediately. Dig up the diseased plant straight away and dispose of it. There are no chemical products for gardeners.

Sources (11) Checked 27 October 2026

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