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Raised garden bed I – solid 2⅜ in European larchRaised garden bed IRaised garden bedsRaised garden bed L – solid 2⅜ in European larchRaised garden bed LRaised garden bedsRaised garden bed U – solid 2⅜ in European larchRaised garden bed URaised garden bedsBed I with bench – solid 2⅜ in European larchBed I with benchRaised garden bedsBed L with bench – solid 2⅜ in European larchBed L with benchRaised garden bedsSolid bench – solid 2⅜ in European larchSolid benchSeatingPedestal bench – solid 2⅜ in European larchPedestal benchSeatingBench with planter – solid 2⅜ in European larchBench with planterSeatingGarden table – solid 2⅜ in European larchGarden tableSeatingTable and two benches – solid 2⅜ in European larchTable and two benchesSeatingSandbox with seating – solid 2⅜ in European larchSandbox with seatingFor kidsGarden steps – solid 2⅜ in European larchGarden stepsSlope & terrace

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Choose your climateBased on winter hardiness only.

Tree · Salicaceae family

Goat willow

Salix caprea

Full sun to part shade in a garden 16 ft 4⅞ in–26 ft 3 in × 9 ft 10⅛ in–13 ft 1½ in Flowers March to −93 °F
Flower colors Click a color

In short a 10-second read

SunFull sun to part shade
in a garden after 10 years16 ft 4⅞ in–26 ft 3 in
in the wild up to 32.8 ft
spacing 8 ft 2⅜ in
FlowersMarch
PlantingMarch, October–November
WinterNo winter protection

Where to plant and how much to water

Sun, soil and water.

It grows best in full sun to part shade, in average to moist soil.

Sun

Sun6 hours or more
Part shade3–6 hours
Shadeunder 3 h

Soil

tolerates any pH
acidicneutralalkaline
average to moistloamyclaysandy

Watering

regularly until establishedat the base, not on the leavesless when it rains

Frost

−93 °F
no winter protectionleafless in winter

How much space it takes

Mature size.

The mature plant next to a person (69 in).

3 ft 3⅜ in6 ft 6¾ in9 ft 10⅛ in13 ft 1½ in16 ft 4⅞ in19 ft 8¼ in22 ft 11⅝ in26 ft 3 in29 ft 6⅜ in32.8 ft11 ft 5¾ in–32.8 ftspread 8 ft 2⅜ in–16 ft 4⅞ in
11 ft 5¾ in–32.8 ft× spread 8 ft 2⅜ in–16 ft 4⅞ in

Plant 8 ft 2⅜ in apart.

Reaches maturity in about 10–20 years. The final size depends on the cultivar and the spot — we give the range from smallest to largest.

Calendar

Through the year.

Typical for a temperate climate (four seasons). The line shows the current month.

The year at a glance

Flowers: JanuaryFlowers: FebruaryFlowers: MarchFlowers: AprilFlowers: MayFlowers: JuneFlowers: JulyFlowers: AugustFlowers: SeptemberFlowers: OctoberFlowers: NovemberFlowers: DecemberPlanting: JanuaryPlanting: FebruaryPlanting: MarchPlanting: AprilPlanting: MayPlanting: JunePlanting: JulyPlanting: AugustPlanting: SeptemberPlanting: OctoberPlanting: NovemberPlanting: DecemberFeeding: JanuaryFeeding: FebruaryFeeding: MarchFeeding: AprilFeeding: MayFeeding: JuneFeeding: JulyFeeding: AugustFeeding: SeptemberFeeding: OctoberFeeding: NovemberFeeding: DecemberJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
FlowersPlantingFeeding
Now, in October: a good time for planting (container plant).
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Flowers

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

March · yellow

Planting

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

container plant: March, October–November

Feeding

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

May–June

What to plant now (October) full list in October (243) →

Feeding

Nutrition.

Horn meal

up to 0.18 oz/sq ft a year, if the soil needs it · May–June

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Pests and diseases

Common problems and what to do.

The most common problems in Central Europe. Protection is listed from the gentlest option.

Willow scab

Venturia saliciperda
diseasesource covers the whole genus

What you will see

Unfolding leaves turn black and die in spring; the infection moves into the shoots, where cankers form.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Rake up fallen leaves in fall.
  2. By hand early spring; fallCut out infected wood and dispose of it; rake up fallen leaves.
Willow scabdisease

What you will see

Unfolding leaves turn black and die in spring; the infection moves into the shoots, where cankers form.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Rake up fallen leaves in fall.
  2. By hand early spring; fallCut out infected wood and dispose of it; rake up fallen leaves.

Willow cankers

disease

What you will see

Small black sunken lesions on branches and trunk, which can kill the tree within a few years.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Keep the tree vigorous by feeding and watering in dry spells.

No known control.

Willow cankersdisease

What you will see

Small black sunken lesions on branches and trunk, which can kill the tree within a few years.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Keep the tree vigorous by feeding and watering in dry spells.

No known control.

Willow aphids

pest

What you will see

Purple aphids on small twigs; the eggs overwinter there.

How to protect

  1. Gentle spray winter / growing seasonInsecticidal soap; dormant-season oil against the eggs.
Willow aphidspest

What you will see

Purple aphids on small twigs; the eggs overwinter there.

How to protect

  1. Gentle spray winter / growing seasonInsecticidal soap; dormant-season oil against the eggs.

Imported willow leaf beetle

Plagiodera versicolora
pestsource covers the whole genus

What you will see

Larvae scrape the leaf surface (skeletonisation); 2 generations a year.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
April–May

How to protect

  1. Biological spring–summerBacillus thuringiensis var. san diego (together with oil) against young larvae.
  2. Chemical — only when nothing else helpsOnly a product authorized in your country against the willow leaf beetle (follow the label; only if other steps are not enough).
Imported willow leaf beetlepest · April–May

What you will see

Larvae scrape the leaf surface (skeletonisation); 2 generations a year.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
April–May

How to protect

  1. Biological spring–summerBacillus thuringiensis var. san diego (together with oil) against young larvae.
  2. Chemical — only when nothing else helpsOnly a product authorized in your country against the willow leaf beetle (follow the label; only if other steps are not enough).
Sources (3)

Frequently asked

Quick answers.

When does goat willow flower?

In March; the flowers are yellow.

Does goat willow tolerate shade?

It tolerates part shade (3–6 hours of sun), but not full shade.

How much space does goat willow need?

At maturity 8 ft 2⅜ in–16 ft 4⅞ in wide and 11 ft 5¾ in–32.8 ft tall; recommended spacing 8 ft 2⅜ in.

Willow scab — what can you do?

Rake up fallen leaves in fall. Cut out infected wood and dispose of it; rake up fallen leaves.

Willow cankers — what can you do?

Keep the tree vigorous by feeding and watering in dry spells.

Sources (14) Checked 24 October 2026

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