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Tree · Sapindaceae family

Red horse chestnut

Aesculus × carnea

Full sun to part shade in a garden 4–7 m × 3–5 m Flowers May to −29 °C
Flower colours Click a colour

In short a 10-second read

SunFull sun to part shade
in a garden after 10 years4–7 m
in the wild up to 15 m
spacing 8 m
FlowersMay
PlantingMarch–April, October–November
WinterNo winter protection

Where to plant and how much to water

Sun, soil and water.

It grows best in full sun to part shade, in average to moist soil.

Sun

Sun6 hours or more
Part shade3–6 hours
Shadeunder 3 h

Soil

tolerates any pH
acidicneutralalkaline
average to moistloamyclayhumus-rich

Watering

only in dry spellsless when it rains

Frost

−29 °C
no winter protectionleafless in winter

How much space it takes

Mature size.

The mature plant next to a person (175 cm).

1 m2 m3 m4 m5 m6 m7 m8 m9 m10 m11 m12 m13 m14 m15 m10–15 mspread 8–12 m
10–15 m× spread 8–12 m

Plant 8 m apart.

Reaches maturity in about 20–50 years. The final size depends on the cultivar and the spot — we give the range from smallest to largest.

Calendar

Through the year.

Months for Central Europe. The line shows the current month.

The year at a glance

Flowers: JanuaryFlowers: FebruaryFlowers: MarchFlowers: AprilFlowers: MayFlowers: JuneFlowers: JulyFlowers: AugustFlowers: SeptemberFlowers: OctoberFlowers: NovemberFlowers: DecemberPlanting: JanuaryPlanting: FebruaryPlanting: MarchPlanting: AprilPlanting: MayPlanting: JunePlanting: JulyPlanting: AugustPlanting: SeptemberPlanting: OctoberPlanting: NovemberPlanting: DecemberFeeding: JanuaryFeeding: FebruaryFeeding: MarchFeeding: AprilFeeding: MayFeeding: JuneFeeding: JulyFeeding: AugustFeeding: SeptemberFeeding: OctoberFeeding: NovemberFeeding: DecemberJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
FlowersPlantingFeeding
Now, in October: a good time for planting (container plant, bare-root, root-balled).
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Flowers

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

May · pink or red

Planting

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

container plant: March–April, October–November; bare-root: March–April, October–November; root-balled: March–April, October–November

Feeding

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

May–June

Feeding

Nutrition.

Horn meal

up to 55 g/m² a year, if the soil needs it · May–June

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Pests and diseases

Common problems and what to do.

The most common problems in Central Europe. Protection is listed from the gentlest option.

High riskMedium riskLow riskRisk for this plant according to the source · no label = no documented level

Horse chestnut leaf blotch

Low riskdisease

What you will see

Irregular brown patches of dead tissue on leaves, often with a yellow margin; with heavy infection the leaves dry up. Do not confuse it with leaf miner damage.

The source says: it can be unsightly but is not seriously damaging.

When to look

Summer – autumn

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • In autumn, rake up fallen leaves and burn or compost them; this reduces spores in spring.
    • The cultivars 'Briotii' and 'Fort McNair' are resistant.
  2. By hand autumnCollect fallen leaves in autumn. Chemical control is usually not needed, and spraying large trees is impractical.
Horse chestnut leaf blotchdisease · summer – autumnLow risk

What you will see

Irregular brown patches of dead tissue on leaves, often with a yellow margin; with heavy infection the leaves dry up. Do not confuse it with leaf miner damage.

The source says: it can be unsightly but is not seriously damaging.

When to look

Summer – autumn

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • In autumn, rake up fallen leaves and burn or compost them; this reduces spores in spring.
    • The cultivars 'Briotii' and 'Fort McNair' are resistant.
  2. By hand autumnCollect fallen leaves in autumn. Chemical control is usually not needed, and spraying large trees is impractical.

What you will see

White powdery patches on leaves, stems and flowers, often on the upper side of the leaf; leaves stunted or distorted.

When to look

From spring onwards

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Plant in sun; avoid still, enclosed spots by a wall or fence.
    • Water in dry spells; do not overdo nitrogen feeding.
    • Thin the crown and water at the roots in the morning.
    • In autumn, collect and destroy affected fallen leaves (reduces spores in spring).
  2. By hand as soon as noticedCut off affected shoots straight away and clean your tools. Fungicides are not recommended.
Powdery mildewsdisease · from spring onwards

What you will see

White powdery patches on leaves, stems and flowers, often on the upper side of the leaf; leaves stunted or distorted.

When to look

From spring onwards

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Plant in sun; avoid still, enclosed spots by a wall or fence.
    • Water in dry spells; do not overdo nitrogen feeding.
    • Thin the crown and water at the roots in the morning.
    • In autumn, collect and destroy affected fallen leaves (reduces spores in spring).
  2. By hand as soon as noticedCut off affected shoots straight away and clean your tools. Fungicides are not recommended.
More about this problem
Sources (3)

Frequently asked

Quick answers.

When does red horse chestnut flower?

In May; the flowers are pink or red.

Does red horse chestnut tolerate shade?

It tolerates part shade (3–6 hours of sun), but not full shade.

How much space does red horse chestnut need?

At maturity 8–12 m wide and 10–15 m tall; recommended spacing 8 m.

Powdery mildews — what can you do?

Plant in sun; avoid still, enclosed spots by a wall or fence. Cut off affected shoots straight away and clean your tools. Fungicides are not recommended.

Horse chestnut leaf blotch — what can you do?

In autumn, rake up fallen leaves and burn or compost them; this reduces spores in spring. Collect fallen leaves in autumn. Chemical control is usually not needed, and spraying large trees is impractical.

Sources (15) Checked 24 October 2026

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