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Tree · Fagaceae familyornamental and medicinal · also in Medicinal herbs

English oak

Quercus robur

Full sun in a garden ~7 m × ~5 m to −29 °C
Herbal tea
Herbal tea · dose3 gof dried bark
how often3× a day
Full method

In short a 10-second read

SunFull sun
in a garden after 10 years~7 m
in the wild up to 30 m
spacing 15 m
PlantingMarch–April, October–November
WinterNo winter protection

Where to plant and how much to water

Sun, soil and water.

It grows best in full sun, in average to moist soil.

Sun

Sun6 hours or more
Part shade3–6 hours
Shadeunder 3 h

Soil

tolerates any pH
acidicneutralalkaline
average to moistloamyclaysandy

Watering

regularly until establishedat the base, not on the leavesless when it rains

Frost

−29 °C
no winter protectionleafless in winter

How much space it takes

Mature size.

The mature plant next to a person (175 cm).

1 m2 m3 m4 m5 m6 m7 m8 m9 m10 m11 m12 m13 m14 m15 m16 m17 m18 m19 m20 m21 m22 m23 m24 m25 m26 m27 m28 m29 m30 m12–30 mspread 15–25 m
12–30 m× spread 15–25 m

Plant 15 m apart.

The final size depends on the cultivar and the spot — we give the range from smallest to largest.

Calendar

Through the year.

Months for Central Europe. The line shows the current month.

The year at a glance

Planting: JanuaryPlanting: FebruaryPlanting: MarchPlanting: AprilPlanting: MayPlanting: JunePlanting: JulyPlanting: AugustPlanting: SeptemberPlanting: OctoberPlanting: NovemberPlanting: DecemberFeeding: JanuaryFeeding: FebruaryFeeding: MarchFeeding: AprilFeeding: MayFeeding: JuneFeeding: JulyFeeding: AugustFeeding: SeptemberFeeding: OctoberFeeding: NovemberFeeding: DecemberJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
PlantingFeeding
Now, in October: a good time for planting (container plant, bare-root, root-balled).
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Planting

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

container plant: March–April, October–November; bare-root: March–April, October–November; root-balled: March–April, October–November

Feeding

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

May–June

Feeding

Nutrition.

Horn meal

up to 55 g/m² a year, if the soil needs it · May–June

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Pests and diseases

Common problems and what to do.

The most common problems in Central Europe. Protection is listed from the gentlest option.

High riskMedium riskLow riskRisk for this plant according to the source · no label = no documented level
Honey fungus

Honey fungus

Armillaria
High riskdiseasesource covers the whole genus
More about this problem

What you will see

The crown dies suddenly or gradually; honey-brown mushrooms at the base of the trunk, white fungal mats between bark and wood with a mushroomy smell.

The source says: it is among the plants particularly susceptible to honey fungus.

When to look

Mushrooms in late summer and autumn; mycelium in the soil all year

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • After an outbreak, replace plants with less susceptible species.
  2. By handDig out and dispose of infected roots and stumps; insert a barrier of heavy-duty plastic sheeting 45 cm deep.
Honey fungusdisease · mushrooms in late summer and autumn; mycelium in the soil all yearHigh risk

What you will see

The crown dies suddenly or gradually; honey-brown mushrooms at the base of the trunk, white fungal mats between bark and wood with a mushroomy smell.

The source says: it is among the plants particularly susceptible to honey fungus.

When to look

Mushrooms in late summer and autumn; mycelium in the soil all year

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • After an outbreak, replace plants with less susceptible species.
  2. By handDig out and dispose of infected roots and stumps; insert a barrier of heavy-duty plastic sheeting 45 cm deep.
More about this problem

Oak powdery mildew

disease

What you will see

Whitish powdery coating on the upper sides of leaves, tiny black fruiting bodies in autumn.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Maintain tree vigour.
  2. By hand autumnRake up fallen leaves; chemical sprays are usually not justified.
Oak powdery mildewdisease

What you will see

Whitish powdery coating on the upper sides of leaves, tiny black fruiting bodies in autumn.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Maintain tree vigour.
  2. By hand autumnRake up fallen leaves; chemical sprays are usually not justified.

Oak processionary moth

pest

What you will see

Caterpillars with irritating hairs in nests and in processions on the trunk; they eat leaves; the hairs irritate the skin.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
April–July

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Do not touch the caterpillars and do not go near the nests.

Do not handle the caterpillars or nests, and keep away from them.

Oak processionary mothpest · April–July

What you will see

Caterpillars with irritating hairs in nests and in processions on the trunk; they eat leaves; the hairs irritate the skin.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
April–July

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Do not touch the caterpillars and do not go near the nests.

Do not handle the caterpillars or nests, and keep away from them.

Gypsy moth

Lymantria dispar
pestsource covers the whole genus
More about this problem

What you will see

Caterpillars eat leaves, mainly at night; on oak they can completely defoliate trees.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
May–June

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Leave caterpillars killed by the fungus Entomophaga maimaiga hanging on the tree – they spread spores.
  2. Biological May–JuneA product based on Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki against young caterpillars (~6 mm).
  3. Chemical — only when nothing else helpsA product authorised in your country against spongy moth (as per the label; only if the other steps are not enough).
Gypsy mothpest · May–June

What you will see

Caterpillars eat leaves, mainly at night; on oak they can completely defoliate trees.

When to look

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
May–June

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Leave caterpillars killed by the fungus Entomophaga maimaiga hanging on the tree – they spread spores.
  2. Biological May–JuneA product based on Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki against young caterpillars (~6 mm).
  3. Chemical — only when nothing else helpsA product authorised in your country against spongy moth (as per the label; only if the other steps are not enough).
More about this problem
Sources (5)

Frequently asked

Quick answers.

Does English oak tolerate shade?

No, it needs full sun.

How much space does English oak need?

At maturity 15–25 m wide and 12–30 m tall; recommended spacing 15 m.

Oak powdery mildew — what can you do?

Maintain tree vigour. Rake up fallen leaves; chemical sprays are usually not justified.

Oak processionary moth — what can you do?

Do not touch the caterpillars and do not go near the nests.

Sources (17) Checked 24 October 2026

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