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Tree · Pinaceae family

Douglas fir

Pseudotsuga menziesii

Full sun to part shade in a garden 3.4–4.6 m × 1.5–2.5 m to −34 °C

In short a 10-second read

SunFull sun to part shade
in a garden after 10 years3.4–4.6 m
in the wild up to 50 m
spacing 3.5 m
PlantingMarch–April, September–October
WinterNo winter protection

Where to plant and how much to water

Sun, soil and water.

It grows best in full sun to part shade, in average soil.

Sun

Sun6 hours or more
Part shade3–6 hours
Shadeunder 3 h

Soil

acidic to neutral soil
acidicneutralalkaline
averageloamysandy

Watering

keep the soil evenly moistless when it rains

Frost

−34 °C
no winter protectiongreen in winter too

How much space it takes

Mature size.

The mature plant next to a person (175 cm).

1 m2 m3 m4 m5 m6 m7 m8 m9 m10 m11 m12 m13 m14 m15 m16 m17 m18 m19 m20 m21 m22 m23 m24 m25 m26 m27 m28 m29 m30 m31 m32 m33 m34 m35 m36 m37 m38 m39 m40 m41 m42 m43 m44 m45 m46 m47 m48 m49 m50 m12–50 mspread 3.5–15 m
12–50 m× spread 3.5–15 m

Plant 3.5 m apart.

The final size depends on the cultivar and the spot — we give the range from smallest to largest.

Calendar

Through the year.

Months for Central Europe. The line shows the current month.

The year at a glance

Planting: JanuaryPlanting: FebruaryPlanting: MarchPlanting: AprilPlanting: MayPlanting: JunePlanting: JulyPlanting: AugustPlanting: SeptemberPlanting: OctoberPlanting: NovemberPlanting: DecemberFeeding: JanuaryFeeding: FebruaryFeeding: MarchFeeding: AprilFeeding: MayFeeding: JuneFeeding: JulyFeeding: AugustFeeding: SeptemberFeeding: OctoberFeeding: NovemberFeeding: DecemberProtection: JanuaryProtection: FebruaryProtection: MarchProtection: AprilProtection: MayProtection: JuneProtection: JulyProtection: AugustProtection: SeptemberProtection: OctoberProtection: NovemberProtection: DecemberJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
PlantingFeedingProtection
Now, in October: a good time for planting (container plant, root-balled).
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Planting

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

container plant: March–April, September–October; root-balled: March–April, September–October

Feeding

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

May–June

Protection

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

April (spraying): In early April, oil or soap against overwintering female scale insects.

Feeding

Nutrition.

Horn meal

up to 55 g/m² a year, if the soil needs it · May–June

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Pests and diseases

Common problems and what to do.

The most common problems in Central Europe. Protection is listed from the gentlest option.

Swiss needle cast

diseasesource covers the whole genus

What you will see

Needles turn yellow in patches and brown, looking ‘dirty’ from fungal fruiting bodies; the tree is thin.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Maintain tree vigour.
  2. By hand late winter – early springCut out infected branches, disinfect tools.
  3. Chemical — only when nothing else helpsA product authorised in your country against needle browning of Douglas firs (as per the label; only if the other steps are not enough).
Swiss needle castdisease

What you will see

Needles turn yellow in patches and brown, looking ‘dirty’ from fungal fruiting bodies; the tree is thin.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Maintain tree vigour.
  2. By hand late winter – early springCut out infected branches, disinfect tools.
  3. Chemical — only when nothing else helpsA product authorised in your country against needle browning of Douglas firs (as per the label; only if the other steps are not enough).

Rhabdocline needlecast

diseasesource covers the whole genus

What you will see

Yellow spots on this year's needles in late summer, then sharply defined red-brown bands.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Plant in places with good air movement and maintain tree vigour.
  2. By handCut out affected branches in dry weather and disinfect tools.
Rhabdocline needlecastdisease

What you will see

Yellow spots on this year's needles in late summer, then sharply defined red-brown bands.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Plant in places with good air movement and maintain tree vigour.
  2. By handCut out affected branches in dry weather and disinfect tools.

Cooley softwood gall adelgid

Adelges cooleyi
pestsource covers the whole genus

What you will see

Needles bend sideways, often with a yellow spot.

How to protect

  1. Gentle spray early AprilHorticultural oil or insecticidal soap against overwintering females.
Cooley softwood gall adelgidpest

What you will see

Needles bend sideways, often with a yellow spot.

How to protect

  1. Gentle spray early AprilHorticultural oil or insecticidal soap against overwintering females.

What you will see

The crown dies suddenly or gradually; honey-brown mushrooms at the base of the trunk, white fungal mats between bark and wood with a mushroomy smell.

When to look

Mushrooms in late summer and autumn; mycelium in the soil all year

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • After an outbreak, replace plants with less susceptible species.
  2. By handDig out and dispose of infected roots and stumps; insert a barrier of heavy-duty plastic sheeting 45 cm deep.
Honey fungusdisease · mushrooms in late summer and autumn; mycelium in the soil all year

What you will see

The crown dies suddenly or gradually; honey-brown mushrooms at the base of the trunk, white fungal mats between bark and wood with a mushroomy smell.

When to look

Mushrooms in late summer and autumn; mycelium in the soil all year

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • After an outbreak, replace plants with less susceptible species.
  2. By handDig out and dispose of infected roots and stumps; insert a barrier of heavy-duty plastic sheeting 45 cm deep.
More about this problem
Sources (3)

Frequently asked

Quick answers.

Does Douglas fir tolerate shade?

It tolerates part shade (3–6 hours of sun), but not full shade.

How much space does Douglas fir need?

At maturity 3.5–15 m wide and 12–50 m tall; recommended spacing 3.5 m.

Swiss needle cast — what can you do?

Maintain tree vigour. Cut out infected branches, disinfect tools.

Rhabdocline needlecast — what can you do?

Plant in places with good air movement and maintain tree vigour. Cut out affected branches in dry weather and disinfect tools.

Sources (12) Checked 24 October 2026

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