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Fruit · Rosaceae family

Common medlar

Mespilus germanica

Full sun to part shade in a garden 2.5–4 m × 2.5–4 m Flowers June Harvest October–November to −29 °C
Flower colours Click a colour

In short a 10-second read

SunFull sun to part shade
in a garden after 10 years2.5–4 m
in the wild up to 6.1 m
spacing 4 m
PlantingMarch, October–November
HarvestOctober–November
WinterNo winter protection

Where to plant and how much to water

Sun, soil and water.

It grows best in full sun to part shade, in average soil.

Sun

Sun6 hours or more
Part shade3–6 hours
Shadeunder 3 h

Soil

acidic to neutral soil
acidicneutralalkaline
averageloamyhumus-rich

Watering

Common medlar — Watering
only in dry spellsless when it rains

Frost

−29 °C
no winter protectionleafless in winter

How much space it takes

Mature size.

The mature plant next to a person (175 cm).

1 m2 m3 m4 m5 m6 m4.5–6.1 mspread 4.5–6.1 m
4.5–6.1 m× spread 4.5–6.1 m

Plant 4 m apart.

Reaches maturity in about 20–50 years. The final size depends on the cultivar and the spot — we give the range from smallest to largest.

Calendar

Through the year.

Months for Central Europe. The line shows the current month.

The year at a glance

Flowers: JanuaryFlowers: FebruaryFlowers: MarchFlowers: AprilFlowers: MayFlowers: JuneFlowers: JulyFlowers: AugustFlowers: SeptemberFlowers: OctoberFlowers: NovemberFlowers: DecemberPlanting: JanuaryPlanting: FebruaryPlanting: MarchPlanting: AprilPlanting: MayPlanting: JunePlanting: JulyPlanting: AugustPlanting: SeptemberPlanting: OctoberPlanting: NovemberPlanting: DecemberFeeding: JanuaryFeeding: FebruaryFeeding: MarchFeeding: AprilFeeding: MayFeeding: JuneFeeding: JulyFeeding: AugustFeeding: SeptemberFeeding: OctoberFeeding: NovemberFeeding: DecemberPruning: JanuaryPruning: FebruaryPruning: MarchPruning: AprilPruning: MayPruning: JunePruning: JulyPruning: AugustPruning: SeptemberPruning: OctoberPruning: NovemberPruning: DecemberHarvest: JanuaryHarvest: FebruaryHarvest: MarchHarvest: AprilHarvest: MayHarvest: JuneHarvest: JulyHarvest: AugustHarvest: SeptemberHarvest: OctoberHarvest: NovemberHarvest: DecemberJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
FlowersPlantingFeedingPruningHarvest
Now, in October: time to harvest.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Flowers

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

June · white or pink

Planting

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

container plant: March, October–November; bare-root: March, October–November

Feeding

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

March

Pruning

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

No pruning needed — just remove dead or damaged parts (December–February).

Harvest

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

October–November

What to plant now (October) full list in October (244) →

Feeding

Nutrition.

Common medlar — Feeding
Light
compost or mulchbalanced fertiliser
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Pruning

When and how to prune.

Months apply to Central Europe.

Common medlar — Remove dead and damaged growth

Remove dead and damaged growth

DecJanFeb
How to prunePrune only what is necessary: dead, diseased and damaged wood, crossing and congested shoots, only overlong shoots, suckers.

Pests and diseases

Common problems and what to do.

The most common problems in Central Europe. Protection is listed from the gentlest option.

High riskMedium riskLow riskRisk for this plant according to the source · no label = no documented level
Quince leaf blight

Quince leaf blight

Diplocarpon mespili
Medium riskdisease

What you will see

Dark spots on leaves and fruit, early leaf drop in wet years.

The source says: apart from quince, it is seen most frequently on medlar and relatives.

When to look

Spring – autumn

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Keep the tree well fed; variety susceptibility differs.
  2. By hand autumn, winterRake up and destroy fallen leaves during autumn; in winter prune out dead shoots.
Quince leaf blightdisease · spring – autumnMedium risk

What you will see

Dark spots on leaves and fruit, early leaf drop in wet years.

The source says: apart from quince, it is seen most frequently on medlar and relatives.

When to look

Spring – autumn

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Keep the tree well fed; variety susceptibility differs.
  2. By hand autumn, winterRake up and destroy fallen leaves during autumn; in winter prune out dead shoots.

What you will see

Clusters of tiny sap-sucking insects on young shoots, curled leaves, sticky honeydew and sooty mould.

When to look

Spring – summer

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Aphids are part of a healthy garden and food for predators; a healthy plant usually tolerates them.
  2. By handWipe or rinse off colonies and remove affected tips.
  3. BiologicalEncourage natural enemies (ladybirds, earwigs, birds).
Aphidspest · spring – summer

What you will see

Clusters of tiny sap-sucking insects on young shoots, curled leaves, sticky honeydew and sooty mould.

When to look

Spring – summer

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Aphids are part of a healthy garden and food for predators; a healthy plant usually tolerates them.
  2. By handWipe or rinse off colonies and remove affected tips.
  3. BiologicalEncourage natural enemies (ladybirds, earwigs, birds).
More about this problem
Brown rot

Brown rot

Monilinia laxa, M. fructigena
disease
More about this problem

What you will see

Spreading brown rot of fruit with pale brown spores; fruit mummify.

When to look

From midsummer

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Protect fruit from bird damage (netting).
  2. By handRemove rotting fruit quickly (bury 30 cm deep) and do not leave it on the tree; prune out infected blossom twigs.
Brown rotdisease · from midsummer

What you will see

Spreading brown rot of fruit with pale brown spores; fruit mummify.

When to look

From midsummer

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Protect fruit from bird damage (netting).
  2. By handRemove rotting fruit quickly (bury 30 cm deep) and do not leave it on the tree; prune out infected blossom twigs.
More about this problem

What you will see

White powdery coating on leaves, stems and flowers; leaves may become distorted.

When to look

From spring onwards

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Destroy fallen infected leaves in autumn; do not over-feed, and protect from drought (stress invites powdery mildew).
  2. By hand autumnPrune out infected shoots early and destroy fallen leaves.
Powdery mildewsdisease · from spring onwards

What you will see

White powdery coating on leaves, stems and flowers; leaves may become distorted.

When to look

From spring onwards

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Destroy fallen infected leaves in autumn; do not over-feed, and protect from drought (stress invites powdery mildew).
  2. By hand autumnPrune out infected shoots early and destroy fallen leaves.
More about this problem
Fire blight

Fire blight

Erwinia amylovora
disease
More about this problem

What you will see

Wilting and black-brown discolouration of blossom and shoots, hooked (shepherd's crook) shoot tip, amber drops of slime in damp warmth.

When to look

From late spring to autumn

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Remove late secondary blossom before it opens.
  2. By handQuickly cut out and burn infections: 30 cm into healthy wood on smaller branches, 60 cm on larger ones; disinfect tools between cuts (in general for pome fruit).
Fire blightdisease · from late spring to autumn

What you will see

Wilting and black-brown discolouration of blossom and shoots, hooked (shepherd's crook) shoot tip, amber drops of slime in damp warmth.

When to look

From late spring to autumn

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Remove late secondary blossom before it opens.
  2. By handQuickly cut out and burn infections: 30 cm into healthy wood on smaller branches, 60 cm on larger ones; disinfect tools between cuts (in general for pome fruit).
More about this problem
Sources (8)

Frequently asked

Quick answers.

When does common medlar flower?

In June; the flowers are white or pink.

When is common medlar harvested?

In October–November.

Does common medlar tolerate shade?

It tolerates part shade (3–6 hours of sun), but not full shade.

How much space does common medlar need?

At maturity 4.5–6.1 m wide and 4.5–6.1 m tall; recommended spacing 4 m.

Aphids — what can you do?

Aphids are part of a healthy garden and food for predators; a healthy plant usually tolerates them. Wipe or rinse off colonies and remove affected tips.

Quince leaf blight — what can you do?

Keep the tree well fed; variety susceptibility differs. Rake up and destroy fallen leaves during autumn; in winter prune out dead shoots.

Sources (18) Checked 24 October 2026

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