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Perennial · Ranunculaceae family

Columbine

Aquilegia vulgaris

Full sun to part shade 0.45–0.9 m × 0.3–0.6 m Flowers May–June to −37 °C
Flower colours Click a colour

In short a 10-second read

SunFull sun to part shade
Size0.45–0.9 m
spacing 32 cm
FlowersMay–June
PlantingApril–May
WinterNo winter protection

Where to plant and how much to water

Sun, soil and water.

It grows best in full sun to part shade, in dry to average soil.

Sun

Sun6 hours or more
Part shade3–6 hours
Shadeunder 3 h

Soil

acidic to neutral soil
acidicneutralalkaline
dry to averagehumus-richloamygravelly

Watering

only in dry spellsless when it rains

Frost

−37 °C
no winter protectiondies back in winter, regrows in spring

How much space it takes

Mature size.

The mature plant next to a person (175 cm).

50 cm1 m1.5 m0.45–0.9 mspread 0.3–0.6 m
0.45–0.9 m× spread 0.3–0.6 m

Plant 32 cm apart.

Reaches maturity in about 2–5 years. The final size depends on the cultivar and the spot — we give the range from smallest to largest.

Calendar

Through the year.

Months for Central Europe. The line shows the current month.

The year at a glance

Flowers: JanuaryFlowers: FebruaryFlowers: MarchFlowers: AprilFlowers: MayFlowers: JuneFlowers: JulyFlowers: AugustFlowers: SeptemberFlowers: OctoberFlowers: NovemberFlowers: DecemberPlanting: JanuaryPlanting: FebruaryPlanting: MarchPlanting: AprilPlanting: MayPlanting: JunePlanting: JulyPlanting: AugustPlanting: SeptemberPlanting: OctoberPlanting: NovemberPlanting: DecemberFeeding: JanuaryFeeding: FebruaryFeeding: MarchFeeding: AprilFeeding: MayFeeding: JuneFeeding: JulyFeeding: AugustFeeding: SeptemberFeeding: OctoberFeeding: NovemberFeeding: DecemberJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
FlowersPlantingFeeding
Now, in October: nothing to do — the next job is in April.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Flowers

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

May–June · blue, purple, white, pink or red

Planting

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

container plant: April–May

Feeding

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

March–May

Feeding

Nutrition.

Light
balanced fertilisercompost or mulch
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Pests and diseases

Common problems and what to do.

The most common problems in Central Europe. Protection is listed from the gentlest option.

High riskMedium riskLow riskRisk for this plant according to the source · no label = no documented level

What you will see

White powdery coating on leaves and stems; leaves curl and dry out.

The source says: it is among the ornamental plants susceptible to powdery mildew.

When to look

From spring onwards

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Sunny, airy position; not in a still spot against a wall.
    • Do not overdo nitrogen (lush young leaves are more susceptible).
    • Water at the roots, not on the leaves.
  2. By hand as soon as the first symptoms appearQuickly cut out affected shoots and burn them or take them away (not to the compost).
  3. Gentle spray at the start of infectionSulphur or fatty acids (potassium soap) according to the label.
  4. Chemical — only when nothing else helps only in a heavy attackA product authorised in your country against powdery mildew.
Powdery mildewsdisease · from spring onwardsMedium risk

What you will see

White powdery coating on leaves and stems; leaves curl and dry out.

The source says: it is among the ornamental plants susceptible to powdery mildew.

When to look

From spring onwards

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Sunny, airy position; not in a still spot against a wall.
    • Do not overdo nitrogen (lush young leaves are more susceptible).
    • Water at the roots, not on the leaves.
  2. By hand as soon as the first symptoms appearQuickly cut out affected shoots and burn them or take them away (not to the compost).
  3. Gentle spray at the start of infectionSulphur or fatty acids (potassium soap) according to the label.
  4. Chemical — only when nothing else helps only in a heavy attackA product authorised in your country against powdery mildew.
More about this problem

What you will see

Colonies of tiny insects on shoots and buds, sticky honeydew, curled leaves.

When to look

Spring and summer

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Check plants regularly from spring.
    • Encourage ladybirds, hoverflies, lacewings and parasitic wasps.
  2. By hand as soon as it appearsRub off colonies by hand or wash them off with a jet of water.
  3. Biological spring to summerRelease lacewing larvae, aphid midge larvae or ladybirds.
  4. Gentle spray in a heavy infestation, repeatPotassium soap (fatty acids) or plant oil.
  5. Chemical — only when nothing else helps only as a last resortA product authorised in your country against aphids.
Aphidspest · spring and summer

What you will see

Colonies of tiny insects on shoots and buds, sticky honeydew, curled leaves.

When to look

Spring and summer

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Check plants regularly from spring.
    • Encourage ladybirds, hoverflies, lacewings and parasitic wasps.
  2. By hand as soon as it appearsRub off colonies by hand or wash them off with a jet of water.
  3. Biological spring to summerRelease lacewing larvae, aphid midge larvae or ladybirds.
  4. Gentle spray in a heavy infestation, repeatPotassium soap (fatty acids) or plant oil.
  5. Chemical — only when nothing else helps only as a last resortA product authorised in your country against aphids.
More about this problem

What you will see

Pale winding tunnels in leaves.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Remove affected leaves promptly.
  2. By hand when tunnels appearRemove affected leaves; cut the plant back after flowering.
Leaf minerspest

What you will see

Pale winding tunnels in leaves.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Remove affected leaves promptly.
  2. By hand when tunnels appearRemove affected leaves; cut the plant back after flowering.
More about this problem

Aquilegia sawfly

pest

What you will see

Larvae nibble the leaves.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Check leaves in spring.
  2. By hand when they appearPick off larvae or wash them off with water.
Aquilegia sawflypest

What you will see

Larvae nibble the leaves.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Check leaves in spring.
  2. By hand when they appearPick off larvae or wash them off with water.

Aquilegia downy mildew

disease

What you will see

Yellow spots on leaves, grey coating underneath the leaf.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Airy spacing.
  2. By hand once noticedDestroy affected plants; no known treatment.
Aquilegia downy mildewdisease

What you will see

Yellow spots on leaves, grey coating underneath the leaf.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Airy spacing.
  2. By hand once noticedDestroy affected plants; no known treatment.
Sources (5)

What to combine it with

Same needs, different flowering.

They share the same sun and soil and flower in other months — so the bed flowers for longer.

Ready-made Studio combinations with this plant

Click a combination — the Studio opens a new raised bed with it already planted.

Frequently asked

Quick answers.

When does Columbine flower?

In May–June; the flowers are blue, purple, white, pink or red.

Does Columbine tolerate shade?

It tolerates part shade (3–6 hours of sun), but not full shade.

How much space does Columbine need?

At maturity 0.3–0.6 m wide and 0.45–0.9 m tall; recommended spacing 32 cm.

Aphids — what can you do?

Check plants regularly from spring. Rub off colonies by hand or wash them off with a jet of water.

Leaf miners — what can you do?

Remove affected leaves promptly. Remove affected leaves; cut the plant back after flowering.

Sources (17) Checked 24 October 2026

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