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Perennial · Ranunculaceae family

Christmas rose

Helleborus niger

Part shade to shade 0.2–0.3 m × 0.3–0.45 m Flowers December–March to −32 °C
Flower colours Click a colour

In short a 10-second read

LightPart shade to shade
Size0.2–0.3 m
spacing 35 cm
FlowersDecember–March
PlantingMarch–April, September–October
WinterShelter from wind
Toxicity:highly poisonous to people
Highly poisonous to people — do not plant it where children play.

Where to plant and how much to water

Light, soil and water.

It grows best in part shade to shade, in dry to average soil.

Sun

Sun6 hours or more
Part shade3–6 hours
Shadeunder 3 h

Soil

neutral to alkaline soil
acidicneutralalkaline
dry to averagehumus-richloamyclay

Watering

keep the soil evenly moistless when it rains

Frost

−32 °C
shelter from winddies back in winter, regrows in spring

How much space it takes

Mature size.

The mature plant next to a person (175 cm).

50 cm1 m1.5 m0.2–0.3 mspread 0.3–0.45 m
0.2–0.3 m× spread 0.3–0.45 m

Plant 35 cm apart.

Reaches maturity in about 2–5 years. The final size depends on the cultivar and the spot — we give the range from smallest to largest.

Calendar

Through the year.

Months for Central Europe. The line shows the current month.

The year at a glance

Flowers: JanuaryFlowers: FebruaryFlowers: MarchFlowers: AprilFlowers: MayFlowers: JuneFlowers: JulyFlowers: AugustFlowers: SeptemberFlowers: OctoberFlowers: NovemberFlowers: DecemberPlanting: JanuaryPlanting: FebruaryPlanting: MarchPlanting: AprilPlanting: MayPlanting: JunePlanting: JulyPlanting: AugustPlanting: SeptemberPlanting: OctoberPlanting: NovemberPlanting: DecemberFeeding: JanuaryFeeding: FebruaryFeeding: MarchFeeding: AprilFeeding: MayFeeding: JuneFeeding: JulyFeeding: AugustFeeding: SeptemberFeeding: OctoberFeeding: NovemberFeeding: DecemberJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
FlowersPlantingFeeding
Now, in October: a good time for planting (container plant).
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Flowers

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

December–March · white

Planting

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

container plant: March–April, September–October

Feeding

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

October–November

What to plant now (October) full list in October (244) →

Feeding

Nutrition.

Light
compost or mulch
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Pests and diseases

Common problems and what to do.

The most common problems in Central Europe. Protection is listed from the gentlest option.

High riskMedium riskLow riskRisk for this plant according to the source · no label = no documented level

What you will see

Brown to black spots on leaves; leaves turn yellow early.

The source says: this hellebore can be particularly badly affected by leaf spot.

When to look

Spring – autumn

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Remove old leaves before they infect the new season.
    • Do not wet the leaves when watering; keep the plant unstressed.
  2. By hand after the first spots; in autumnRemove affected leaves at once and destroy them; collect fallen leaves in autumn.
Leaf spotsdisease · spring – autumnHigh risk

What you will see

Brown to black spots on leaves; leaves turn yellow early.

The source says: this hellebore can be particularly badly affected by leaf spot.

When to look

Spring – autumn

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Remove old leaves before they infect the new season.
    • Do not wet the leaves when watering; keep the plant unstressed.
  2. By hand after the first spots; in autumnRemove affected leaves at once and destroy them; collect fallen leaves in autumn.
More about this problem

Hellebore aphid

Macrosiphum hellebori
pest

What you will see

Colonies of aphids on young leaves and flowers.

When to look

Spring and summer

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Check flowers in early spring.
  2. By hand springRub off colonies or wash them off with water.
Hellebore aphidpest · spring and summer

What you will see

Colonies of aphids on young leaves and flowers.

When to look

Spring and summer

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Check flowers in early spring.
  2. By hand springRub off colonies or wash them off with water.

Hellebore leaf miner

pest

What you will see

Pale tunnels in leaves.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Remove affected leaves.
  2. By hand when they appearRemove affected leaves.
Hellebore leaf minerpest

What you will see

Pale tunnels in leaves.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Remove affected leaves.
  2. By hand when they appearRemove affected leaves.

What you will see

Holes in leaves and shiny trails, especially on young shoots in spring.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Water in the morning so the plant dries off by evening.
    • Watch and protect young shoots in spring.
    • Encourage natural enemies (birds, toads, hedgehogs).
  2. By hand damp, mild evenings from spring to autumnCollect slugs and snails in the evening by torchlight; traps made of half an orange or containers of beer.
  3. Biological warm, moist soil, spring to early autumnPhasmarhabditis hermaphrodita nematodes watered into the soil (effective against slugs, less so against snails).
Slugs and snailspest

What you will see

Holes in leaves and shiny trails, especially on young shoots in spring.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Water in the morning so the plant dries off by evening.
    • Watch and protect young shoots in spring.
    • Encourage natural enemies (birds, toads, hedgehogs).
  2. By hand damp, mild evenings from spring to autumnCollect slugs and snails in the evening by torchlight; traps made of half an orange or containers of beer.
  3. Biological warm, moist soil, spring to early autumnPhasmarhabditis hermaphrodita nematodes watered into the soil (effective against slugs, less so against snails).
More about this problem

Hellebore black death

Helleborus net necrosis virus
disease

What you will see

Black streaks and spots on leaves, stunted plants.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Healthy plants.
  2. By hand once noticedDestroy affected plants; the virus cannot be treated.
Hellebore black deathdisease

What you will see

Black streaks and spots on leaves, stunted plants.

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Healthy plants.
  2. By hand once noticedDestroy affected plants; the virus cannot be treated.
Sources (5)

What to combine it with

Same needs, different flowering.

They share the same sun and soil and flower in other months — so the bed flowers for longer.

largeleaf brunnera

largeleaf brunnera

0.3–0.45 m
✓flowers April–May
✓taller — for the back
lily of the valley

lily of the valley

0.15–0.25 m
✓flowers May–June
✓lower — for the front
barrenwort

barrenwort

0.15–0.3 m
✓flowers April–May
✓lower — for the front

Frequently asked

Quick answers.

When does Christmas rose flower?

In December–March; the flowers are white.

Does Christmas rose tolerate shade?

Yes, it tolerates full shade.

How much space does Christmas rose need?

At maturity 0.3–0.45 m wide and 0.2–0.3 m tall; recommended spacing 35 cm.

Hellebore aphid — what can you do?

Check flowers in early spring. Rub off colonies or wash them off with water.

Hellebore leaf miner — what can you do?

Remove affected leaves. Remove affected leaves.

Toxicity

Highly poisonous to people
Sources (15) Checked 24 October 2026

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