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Choose your climateBased on winter hardiness only.

Tree · Fagaceae family

European beech

Fagus sylvatica

Full sun to part shade in a garden ~19 ft 8¼ in × 9 ft 10⅛ in–19 ft 8¼ in to −93 °F

In short a 10-second read

SunFull sun to part shade
in a garden after 10 years~19 ft 8¼ in
in the wild up to 114.8 ft
spacing 34.4 ft
PlantingMarch–April, October–November
WinterNo winter protection

Where to plant and how much to water

Sun, soil and water.

It grows best in full sun to part shade, in average soil.

Sun

Sun6 hours or more
Part shade3–6 hours
Shadeunder 3 h

Soil

tolerates any pH
acidicneutralalkaline
averageloamyhumus-richclay

Watering

at the base, not on the leavesless when it rains

Frost

−93 °F
no winter protectionleafless in winter

How much space it takes

Mature size.

The mature plant next to a person (69 in).

3 ft 3⅜ in6 ft 6¾ in9 ft 10⅛ in13 ft 1½ in16 ft 4⅞ in19 ft 8¼ in22 ft 11⅝ in26 ft 3 in29 ft 6⅜ in32.8 ft36.1 ft39.4 ft42.7 ft45.9 ft49.2 ft52.5 ft55.8 ft59.1 ft62.3 ft65.6 ft68.9 ft72.2 ft75.5 ft78.7 ft82 ft85.3 ft88.6 ft91.9 ft95.1 ft98.4 ft101.7 ft105 ft108.3 ft111.5 ft114.8 ft49.2 ft–114.8 ftspread 34.4 ft–98.4 ft
49.2 ft–114.8 ft× spread 34.4 ft–98.4 ft

Plant 34.4 ft apart.

Reaches maturity in about 20–50 years. The final size depends on the cultivar and the spot — we give the range from smallest to largest.

Calendar

Through the year.

Typical for a temperate climate (four seasons). The line shows the current month.

The year at a glance

Planting: JanuaryPlanting: FebruaryPlanting: MarchPlanting: AprilPlanting: MayPlanting: JunePlanting: JulyPlanting: AugustPlanting: SeptemberPlanting: OctoberPlanting: NovemberPlanting: DecemberFeeding: JanuaryFeeding: FebruaryFeeding: MarchFeeding: AprilFeeding: MayFeeding: JuneFeeding: JulyFeeding: AugustFeeding: SeptemberFeeding: OctoberFeeding: NovemberFeeding: DecemberJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
PlantingFeeding
Now, in October: a good time for planting (container plant, bare-root).
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Planting

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

container plant: March–April, October–November; bare-root: March, October–November

Feeding

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

May–June

What to plant now (October) full list in October (243) →

Feeding

Nutrition.

Horn meal

up to 0.18 oz/sq ft a year, if the soil needs it · May–June

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Pests and diseases

Common problems and what to do.

The most common problems in Central Europe. Protection is listed from the gentlest option.

Beech scale / beech bark disease

Cryptococcus fagisuga
pest

What you will see

Gray-white waxy powder on the trunk and thicker branches (colonies about 0 in). The damaged bark then lets in the fungus Neonectria (Nectria) coccinea, which together cause beech bark disease.

When to look

Summer

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Keep the tree vigorous (water, soil).
  2. By hand all yearUsually no action is needed; it is part of the insect life tied to beech. Watch a heavily infested tree for fungal canker.
Beech scale / beech bark diseasepest · summer

What you will see

Gray-white waxy powder on the trunk and thicker branches (colonies about 0 in). The damaged bark then lets in the fungus Neonectria (Nectria) coccinea, which together cause beech bark disease.

When to look

Summer

How to protect

  1. Prevention
    • Keep the tree vigorous (water, soil).
  2. By hand all yearUsually no action is needed; it is part of the insect life tied to beech. Watch a heavily infested tree for fungal canker.
Sources (2)

Frequently asked

Quick answers.

Does European beech tolerate shade?

It tolerates part shade (3–6 hours of sun), but not full shade.

How much space does European beech need?

At maturity 34.4 ft–98.4 ft wide and 49.2 ft–114.8 ft tall; recommended spacing 34.4 ft.

Beech scale / beech bark disease — what can you do?

Keep the tree vigorous (water, soil). Usually no action is needed; it is part of the insect life tied to beech. Watch a heavily infested tree for fungal canker.

Sources (17) Checked 24 October 2026

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